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This is a montage of solar activity during a sunspot cycle. Credit: David Chenette, Joseph B. Gurman, Loren W. Acton.

At right is a montage of ten years' worth of Yohkoh SXT images, demonstrating the variation in solar activity during a sunspot cycle, from after August 30, 1991, to September 6, 2001.

Solar cycles is a lecture about the solar cycles of the Sun.

You are free to take this quiz based on the lecture at any time.

To improve your score feel free to read the lecture Solar cycles, See also, External links and the various links included in the {{stars resources}} template.

Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.

Enjoy learning by doing!

Quiz

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1 True or False, The Norikura Solar Observatory uses its own designations for solar active regions rather than those of other observatories or NOAA.

TRUE
FALSE

2 Which of the following is not a characteristic of solar active regions?

lithium
nucleosynthesis
coronal clouds
spot central meridian passage
a surface coverage of at least 95%.

3 During the late 1600s the sunspot cycle lost its usual intensity and became what?

4 True or False, Naked sunspots seen in Hα which are devoid of plage are never associated with coronal holes.

TRUE
FALSE

5 The Sun as a star has what geographical property?

it's a primordial population III star
it passes once a year across the Lockman Hole
silicates have been discovered in its interior structure
optical reflectance studies have found evidence of magnesium
it has a surface temperature of ~700 K
it has a longitude and latitude grid system for locating surface features

6 Complete the text:

Early spectroscopy of the Sun using estimates of the

of several lines by eye to derive the

of elements concluded that the

is largely made of

.

7 When faculae are present, what characteristics are readily observed?

bright spots
bright patches
granules
temporary increases in TSI
arising between granules
neon clouds

8 In each latitudinal hemisphere for the greater part of the sunspot period there is practically but one what?

9 Which of the following is not a prominent feature associated with solar clouds?

coronal mass ejections
magnetic clouds
rotation
coronal clouds
plasma
magnetic field lines

10 In general there is no proper motion at all in the plage or the surrounding?

11 True or False, "Some prominences break apart and give rise to coronal mass ejections."

TRUE
FALSE

12 Which of the following is not a phenomenon usually associated with sunspots?

solar photosphere
a hole in the granulated photosphere
production of 7Be
rotation
solar cycle
starspots
flip-flop cycle

13 Complete the text:

"When a prominence is viewed from a different perspective so that it is against the

instead of against space, it appears

than the surrounding

.

14 True or False, In 1947, G. E. Kron proposed that starspots were the reason for periodic changes in brightness on blue dwarfs.

TRUE
FALSE

15 Which of the following is not a phenomenon associated with a flip-flop cycle?

active regions
hemisphere shifts
binary RS CVn stars
single stars
cyclical period
meridian passage

16 A Mt. Wilson spot number usually corresponds with which other region number?

17 True or False, Hale region numbers are greater for the same regions than NOAA numbers.

TRUE
FALSE

18 Which of the following sunspot phenomena are associated with the Maunder minimum?

extensively long quiet Sun
lowest 14C concentration from as far back as 1100 BP.
a period of lower-than-average European temperatures
a surface coverage of about 88%
only about 50 sunspots during one 30-year period
11-year cycles

19 Solar observation is performed all around the surface of the Earth by?

20 True or False, The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory is a solar observatory owned and operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics.

TRUE
FALSE

21 Which of the following are phenomena usually associated with a heliostat?

geographic coordinates
a mirror which turns so as to keep reflecting sunlight toward a predetermined target
the target is usually stationary
computer control
a two-axis motorized system
altitude

22 Naked spots are long-lived and show rotation rates close to what?

23 True or False, Helicity (H) is a quantitative measure of the chiral properties of the structures observed in the solar atmosphere.

TRUE
FALSE

24 Which of the following are associated with the Sun control group?

rocky objects
gaseous objects
plasma objects
a photosphere
rotation
watery surface
spots

25 The relative abundances of solar cosmic rays reflect those of the solar

26 Which of the following are characteristic of solar proton astronomy?

the solar wind
polar coronal holes
protons originating from the photosphere
the electron neutrino
GOES 11
neutrons

27 Using a coordinate system, sunspot passage is generally noted by what meridian?

28 True or False, "75% of the naked sunspots represented the return of large dominant f spots which had been part of large active regions during previous rotations."

TRUE
FALSE

29 Which geographical phenomena are associated with sunspots?

moving across the surface of the Sun
manifesting intense magnetic fields
a north geographic and magnetic pole
rotation
a prime meridian
average sunspot latitudes
the solar equator

30 Neutrinos detected from the solar octant may be from nucleosynthesis within the coronal cloud in the near vicinity of the Sun or perhaps from nucleosynthesis occurring within what theoretical interior structure of the Sun?

31 True or False, X-ray photons can be effectively backscattered by photosphere atoms and electrons.

TRUE
FALSE

32 Which of the following are photospheric observatories on Earth?

Chandra X-ray Observatory
Big Bear
TRACE
Kodaikanal
the Hubble
Lomnický štít
McMath-Pierce
SOFIA

33 Which of the following observatories are solar observatories?

The Huairou Solar Observing Station in China
Mauna Loa Solar Observatory
Los Alamos National Solar Laboratory
National Solar Observatory
Mees Solar Observatory
CERN

34 About one third of solar ejecta observed by satellites at Earth is composed of what?

35 True or False, A spotless flare may occur in a plage region during its first rotation.

TRUE
FALSE

36 Which of the following are solar observatory satellites?

Einstein Observatory
OSO 7
Hinode
High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1
Koronas-Foton
STEREO

37 Suborbital solar probing may be accomplished from different geographical locations using?

38 True or False, Heliography is the geography of the Sun.

TRUE
FALSE

39 Which of the following are green radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the Sun?

the color of the upper rim as seen from Earth
an excess brightness at or near the edge of the Sun
the iron XIV green line
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
changes in the line-blanketing

40 True or False, The Sun has a net positive charge on its surface.

TRUE
FALSE


Hypotheses

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Main resource: Hypotheses
  1. The solar cycle has its origin in the impinging electrons coming in from the various planets.

See also

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{{Radiation astronomy resources}}

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