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Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Unconscious motivation

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Lecture 10: Unconscious motivation
This is the tenth lecture for the motivation and emotion unit of study.

Overview

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This lecture:

  • discusses unconscious aspects of motivation, including historical psychoanalytic perspectives and contemporary perspectives about the adaptive unconscious, priming, and psychodynamics

Take-home message:

  • Motivation often arises from, and is influenced by, sources byeond conscious awareness
Freud's psychoanalytic couch – arguably the birthplace of modern psychology
Freud's id, ego, and superego structural model of the psyche is often depicted as an iceberg

Outline

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  • Psychodynamic perspective
  • The unconscious
  • Psychodynamics
  • Ego psychology
  • Object relations theory

Psychodynamic perspective

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  • Study of dynamic unconscious mental processes, evolving from the historical psychoanalytic (Freudian) approach

The unconscious

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  • Much of mental life operates unconsciously, influencing our thoughts and actions
  • The adaptive unconscious allows us to make quick, intuitive decisions and behaviours about familiar situations (e.g., driving a known route)

Psychodynamics

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  • Conscious and unconscious processes often clash, creating internal psychological conflicts

Ego psychology

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  • This theory focuses on the ego's development from immaturity to mature interdependence

Object relations theory

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  • Early relationships form mental representations that guide future social motivations and connections

Multimedia

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Checker shadow illusion: A and B are the same colour; but the different contexts change our perception
  • Psychological priming (Bang Goes the Theory, YouTube) (6:14 mins): shows three experiments which indicate that, when primed by handling money, people eat more chocolate, are less likely to help others, and can tolerate more pain.
  • How your unconscious mind rules your behaviour (Leonard Mlodinow, TEDxReset 2013, YouTube) (12:51 mins): Examples of unconscious perception and decision making from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Note: camera work and editing is poor.

Readings

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References

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Freud, S. (1917). [Original work published 1905]. Wit and its relation to the unconscious. http://www.bartleby.com/279/

Jung, C. G. (Ed.) (1964). Man and his symbols. Doubleday.

Lodder, P., Ong, H. H., Grasman, R. P., & Wicherts, J. M. (2019). A comprehensive meta-analysis of money priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(4), 688. http://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000570 [1]

Stajkovic, A. D., Greenwald, J. M., & Stajkovic, K. S. (2022). The money priming debate revisited: A review, meta‐analysis, and extension to organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 43(6), 1078–1102. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2619 [2]

Slides

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See also

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Lectures
Tutorial
Wikipedia
Wikiversity

Recording

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