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Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Brain and physiological needs

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Lecture 03: Brain and physiological needs
This is the third lecture for the motivation and emotion unit of study.

Overview

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This lecture:

Take-home messages:

  • The brain is as much about motivation and emotion as it is about cognition and thinking
  • Biological urges are underestimated motivational forces when we are not currently experiencing them

Outline

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What is the brain's involvement in motivation and emotion? It seems easy to "ignore" the brain's role in psychological experience in part because its visually hidden under the skull which is covered by skin, hair, and adornments. But what if our brains were more observable, on the outside?
Physiological needs such as breathing, drinking, urinating, eating, defecating, and sleeping are often overlooked as motivational forces until they range outside of homeostasis and then become increasingly urgemt amd motivationally demanding. It takes extreme motivation, for example, to go on an extended hunger strike.
Motivated and emotional brain
  • Neuroscience
  • Brain structures
  • Subcortical
    • Reticular formation
    • Amygdala
    • Reward centre
    • Basal ganglia
    • Hypothalamus
  • Cortical
    • Insula
    • Prefrontal cortex
    • Orbitofrontal cortex
    • Ventromedial PFC
    • Dorsolateral PFC
    • Anterior cingulate cortex
  • Bidirectional
    • Neurotransmitters
    • Dopamine
    • Serotonin
    • Norepinephrine
    • Endorphins
  • Hormones
    • Cortisol
    • Oxytocin
    • Testosterone
    • Ghrelin (Part B)
    • Leptin (Part B)
Physiological needs
  • Needs
  • Regulatory processes
  • Example physiological needs
    • Thirst
    • Hunger
    • Sexual motivation

Focus

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This lecture highlights specific brain structures and communication pathways that psychological science has identified as contributing to the subjective experience of various motivational and emotional states.

3D brain model

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  • Learn about the location and function of key brain structures using 3d brain (brainfacts.org)
  • This 3D, interactive model of the human brain shows the main structures and explains their functions.
  • Task: Can you find each of the brain structures mentioned in this lecture in the 3D model?

Readings

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Slides

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See also

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Wikiversity
Wikipedia
Lectures
Tutorials

Recording

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References

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Saper, C. B., & Lowell, B. B. (2014). The hypothalamus. Current Biology, 24(23), R1111–R1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.023
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