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The Galileo spacecraft and its attached Inertial Upper Stage booster are released from the payload bay of Atlantis on October 18, 1989. Credit: NASA/Lockheed Martin/IMAX Systems/exploitcorporations.

Astronomical observatories is a lecture and an article on the types and varieties of observatories used for astronomical observations. It is included as a mini-lecture for a quiz-section as part of the astronomy course on the principles of radiation astronomy.

You are free to take this quiz based on astronomical observatories at any time.

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Quiz

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1 True or False, The Hubble Space Telescope currently uses the Wide Field Planetary Camera (PC-2) with its F492M filter among others for green astronomy.

TRUE
FALSE

2 Which of the following are astronomical observatory phenomena associated with the Sun?

pyranometer
actinometer
Radiation Observatory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
neutron irradiation
the World Radiation Reference Scale (WRR)
meteor orbits
pyrheliometer

3 True or False, Optical telescopes use domes as a form of shelter.

TRUE
FALSE

4 Complete the text:

Match up the type of cosmic-ray detector with each of the possibilities below:
visible tracks - A
diffusion cloud chamber - B
bubbles - C
a grid of uninsulated electric wires - D
similar to the Haverah Park experiment - E
fluorescence detectors - F
spark chamber

.
continuously sensitized to radiation

.
Pierre Auger Observatory

.
bubble chamber

.
Cherenkov detector

expansion cloud chamber

.

5 True or False, Some cosmic-ray observatories also look for high energy gamma rays and X-rays.

TRUE
FALSE

6 The relative abundances of solar cosmic rays reflect those of the solar

7 True or False, Observatory geology has two forms: a solid foundation for an observatory and imaging terrain looking for penguins.

TRUE
FALSE

8 Complete the text:

The 0.6m Tortugas Mountain Observatory is used to monitor the temporal changes in the

cloud deck and equatorial activity on

.

9 True or False, The Mauna Kea Observatories are used for scientific research across the electromagnetic spectrum from visible light to radio, and comprise the largest such facility in the world.

TRUE
FALSE

10 The Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, provides?

students in the United States with free access
the Faulkes Telescope Project
a high-powered robotic telescope in Jamaica
a high-powered robotic telescope in Tasmania
on-site use of two high-powered telescopes
scientific investigations

11 True or False, A theoretical observatory decides which systems, for example, among virtual stellar systems, should be recognizable, and which not.

TRUE
FALSE

12 Various cyan radiation observatories occur at different altitudes and geographic locations due to what effect?

the presence of oceans on the Earth
locally available carving tools
light pollution
most astronomical objects are observed at night
currently dormant volcanoes seldom erupt
human habitation increases near an astronomical observatory

13 True or False, The U.S. Virtual Astronomical Observatory (VAO) goal is to enable new science through efficient integration of distributed multi-wavelength data.

TRUE
FALSE

14 Which of the following are green observatories in orbit around the Earth?

Chandra X-ray Observatory
Big Bear
TRACE
Kodaikanal
the Hubble
Lomnický štít
McMath-Pierce
SOFIA
Rosetta

15 True or False, The Russian Okno system is an optoelectronic, manually operated system for monitoring and surveillance of space objects integrated to the KRONA system of space recognition.

TRUE
FALSE

16 McDonald Observatory is located in.

17 True or False, The US Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) base at Diego Garcia is located just off the coast of southern California.

TRUE
FALSE

18 Which of the following are characteristic of the telluric mercury green line?

546.1 nm
light pollution at the Calar Alto observatory
a decay product of uranium
mercury vapour lamps
tropospheric scattering
y-band of the ubvy Strömgren photometric system

19 True or False, There is a 101-cm telescope at Bisei Astronomical Observatory.

TRUE
FALSE

20 Which phenomena are associated with the heliosphere?

a region of space where the interstellar medium is blown away by the solar wind
a bubble in space
virtually all the material emanates from the Sun itself
Voyager 2
Voyager 1
the termination shock

21 True or False, The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a 12-meter sphere filled with heavy water surrounded by light detectors located 2 km above the ground in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.

TRUE
FALSE

22 Complete the text:

Match up the observatory facility with the observatory:
Ondrejov Observatory - A
Okayama Astrophysical Observatory - B
Orbiting Astronomical Observatory - C
Metsähovi Radio Observatory - D
Tortugas Mountain Planetary Observatory - E
Pierre Auger Observatory - F
Observed quasar 3C 454.3 in the spring of 2005.

.
A solar telescope.

.
Detector components.

.
Data on AG Peg were obtained with the ultraviolet broad-band photometers on the second one.

.
File:Tortugas Planetary Observatory.jpg
The 0.6 m monitors cloud decks and equatorial activity.
A 188 cm telescope.

.

23 True or False, The Sphinx Observatory is on the Giza plateau.

TRUE
FALSE

24 Cheomseongdae was involved in which of the following astronomies?

cosmic-ray astronomy
infrared astronomy
neutrino astronomy
visual astronomy
ultraviolet astronomy
radio astronomy

25 Yes or No, An observatory is a place.

Yes
No

26 Which of the following are associated with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory?

under ice
the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station
Digital Optical Modules
the counting house is on the surface above the array
the baryon neutrino
the electron neutrino

27 True or False, Historically, observatories were as simple as having some alignments on astronomical phenomena.

TRUE
FALSE

28 Which of the following are X-radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the Crab Nebula?

a core which emits neutrinos
low-energy X-rays detected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory
26Al
undetectable with balloon-borne detectors
hard X-rays
steady enough emission to be used as a standard for X-ray emission
observed with X-rays in 1731
Taurus X-1

29 True or False, The first gamma-ray telescope was carried into orbit aboard OSO 3.

TRUE
FALSE

30 Using HIFI instrument aboard the Herschel Space Observatory, the first detection of what ion occurred on March 1 and March 23, 2010?

31 True or False, The Norikura Solar Observatory uses its own designations for solar active regions rather than those of other observatories or NOAA.

TRUE
FALSE

32 Which of the following are characteristic of the first true astrophysical gamma-ray source?

a strong 2.223 MeV emission line
a solar flare
the formation of deuterium
the electron neutrino
OSO-3
neutrons

33 True or False, The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory is a solar observatory owned and operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics.

TRUE
FALSE

34 Various radiation observatories occur at different altitudes and geographic locations due to what effect?

the atmosphere of the Earth
the presence of oceans on the Earth
locally available carving tools
human habitation increases near an astronomical observatory
most astronomical objects are observed at night
currently dormant volcanoes seldom erupt

35 True or False, The solar neutron detector located at Mt. Norikura observatory, Japan, is made of plastic scintillators.

TRUE
FALSE

36 Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the gaseous-object Neptune?

Voyager 2
blue rays
clouds
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
rotation

37 True or False, The NuSTAR observatory has a 10.14 m instrument focal length for its Wolter I telescopes.

TRUE
FALSE

38 To provide a cooling effect on the atmosphere surrounding the observatory building and eliminate ground heat radiation, put the observatory on?

39 Which of the following are phenomena associated with grid systems?

geographic coordinates
the Royal Observatory in Greenwich
French Institut Géographique National (IGN) maps
a longitude meridian passing through Paris
a local center of civilization
altitude

40 Which of the following are observatories on Earth?

Chandra X-ray Observatory
Giza Pyramids
TRACE
Tuorla Observatory
the Hubble
Aldershot Observatory
Stonehenge
SOFIA

41 Name a Neolithic monument in England that may have functioned as a celestial observatory

42 "El Caracol" is an observatory at Chichen Itza, Mexico, serving at the very least as an observation?

43 Which of the following are observatories on Earth?

Chandra X-ray Observatory
Big Bear
TRACE
Kodaikanal
the Hubble
Lomnický štít
McMath-Pierce
SOFIA

44 Sayan Observatory is located in.

45 Which of the following are associated with the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope?

a launch location
Kitt Peak National Observatory
a heliostat
a distinctive diagonal shaft that continues underground
a theoretical resolution of 0.07"
NOAA designations

46 Which of the following observatories are solar observatories?

The Huairou Solar Observing Station in China
Mauna Loa Solar Observatory
Los Alamos National Solar Laboratory
National Solar Observatory
Mees Solar Observatory
CERN

47 Which of the following are solar observatory satellites?

Einstein Observatory
OSO 7
Hinode
High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1
Koronas-Foton
STEREO

48 Complete the text:

The materials science of observatories involves the use of

or

materials that allow greater flexibility in the construction and deployment of observatories on,

, and above rocky-object surfaces. The environment near the observatory can also be used to

observation.

49 Complete the text:

Match up the item letter with each of the possibilities below:
Balloons - A
Sounding rockets - B
Aircraft assisted launches - C
Orbital rocketry - D
Shuttle payload - E
Heliocentric rocketry - F
Exploratory rocketry - G
Lunar rover - H
Ranger 5

microcalorimeter arrays

.
MeV Auroral X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy

.
Lunokhod 2

.
ALEXIS

.
Ulysses

.
Broad Band X-Ray Telescope

.
Solar Heliospheric Observatory

.

50 Complete the text:

Match up the item letter with each of the X-ray angular resolution possibilities below:
Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer - A
XMM-Newton - B
Chandra X-ray Observatory - C
Swift - D
Astro-rivelatore Gamma ad Imagini Leggero (AGILE) - E
Solar Heliospheric Observatory - F
Suzaku - G
Koronas-Foton - H
2"

3"

.
~2'

.
1"

.
5.9'

.
7'

.
1"

.
0.5"

.


Hypotheses

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Main resource: Hypotheses
  1. Astronomical observatories can be completely automatic.
See also: Control groups, Proof of concept, and Proof of technology

See also

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{{Principles of radiation astronomy}}

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