Talk:WikiJournal of Medicine/Melioidosis
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WikiJournal of Medicine
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It was adapted from the page Melioidosis and contains some or all of that page's content licensed under a CC BY-SA license. Post-publication review comments or direct edits can be left at the version as it appears on Wikipedia.
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DOI: 10.15347/WJM/2022.004
QID: Q100400594
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Suggested citation format:
Siang Ching Raymond Chieng (14 August 2022). "Melioidosis". WikiJournal of Medicine 9 (1): 4. doi:10.15347/WJM/2022.004. Wikidata Q100400594. ISSN 2002-4436. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Melioidosis_-_DOI_10.15347WJM2022.004.pdf.
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Wikipedia: This work is adapted from the Wikipedia article Melioidosis (CC BY-SA). Content has also subsequently been used to update that same Wikipedia article Melioidosis.
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original author and source are credited.
Candace Makeda Moore 
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Mossab Banat contact
Chirag Dhar
David Dance
Article information
Submitting author: Siang Ching Raymond Chieng[a][i]
Additional contributors: Wikipedia community
- ↑ Klinik Kesihatan Bintangor, Sarawak, Malaysia
- ↑ by online form
Plagiarism check
Pass. Report from WMF copyvios tool: Overlaps were found with other publicationps, but similarities were trivial or common phrases (e.g. "contributes to an increased risk of contracting melioidosis" or "direct immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and latex agglutination"). T.Shafee(Evo﹠Evo)talk 10:03, 17 May 2020 (UTC)
Editorial comment: Problems with illustrations
Comments by Candace Makeda Moore ,
These editorial comments were submitted on , and refer to this previous version of the article
The illustration "Signs of Meliodosis" has several problems. These include:different fonts for different labels, the label for neck abscess is spelled with an extra S in subscript, the picture has been made as semi-transparent, and therefore will show a checkered background at certain sizes. I would also note the muscles seem to crowd the image, and the pathologies listed are not actually illustrated in any way other than showing where in the body they would be.
The radiological images are not incorrect, however they do now show something pathognomonic or very typical for the disease. We should ask the authors if these were from actual patients with the disease or from cases of other disease and just used for illustrative purposes.
- The picture of "Signs of melioidosis" removed. All the radiological images come from patients with melioidosis in case reports. I have clarified in the image captions that the radiological findings are from patients with melioidosis. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 07:41, 1 June 2020 (UTC)
Peer review 1
Review by Chirag Dhar , University of California, San Diego
These assessment comments were submitted on , and refer to this previous version of the article
Based on my expertise, I have reviewed the section on the diagnosis of melioidosis:
Firstly, thank you for your comprehensive review of the topic. Few minor points:
- Detection from CSF fluid is generally hard. Maybe this can be mentioned.
- It would be good if the low sensitivity of API 20NE/20E is mentioned with relevant references.
- The readability might improve by breaking the section into sub-sections such as: culture, microscopy, imaging, etc.
- Are there reports about the reactivation of latent melioidosis in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors? This is something we see in tuberculosis as I covered in a recent correspondence with the Indian Journal of Cancer (https://escholarship.org/content/qt2cj454g2/qt2cj454g2.pdf).
- Added the reference "Gassiep I, Armstrong M, Norton R (11 March 2020) that only 29% of the CSF cultures are positive.
- However from Gassiep 2020 reference, it cited a 2007 study which found that API 20NE or 20E biochemical kit is 99% sensitive in identifying B, pseudomallei and they are not sure why previous studies found significantly lower sensitivity than their study.
- Done
- Found two references Persistent infection due to a small-colony variant of Burkholderia pseudomallei leads to PD-1 upregulation on circulating immune cells and mononuclear infiltration in viscera of experimental BALB/c mice and Experimental exposure of Burkholderia pseudomallei crude culture filtrate upregulates PD-1 on T lymphocytes which stated that B. pseudomallei are able to upregulate PD-1, which leads to poor immunity response against the bacteria. I found no articles regarding the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on the reactivation of latent melioidosis. However, according to the logic presented in the above two articles, immune checkpoint inhibitors may actually inhibit the action of B. pseudomallei.
Peer review 2
reviewer-annotated pdf
Review by David Dance , MORU/LOMWRU/University of Oxford/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
These assessment comments were submitted on , and refer to this previous version of the article
Comments attached as annotated PDF
Thanks for your comprehensive review, sir! I have learned a lot from your comments. It is a humbling experience to have you as my peer reviewer because you have extensive experiences and expertise in this field. Since this article is intended for Wikipedia integration, it should be written so that a knowledgable generalist can understand them. Besides, "medical statements must be supported by secondary sources, ideally meta-analyses, clinical guidelines, standard textbooks or position statements from national or international expert bodies (not only primary literature)" as mentioned in this publishing guideline https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/WikiJournal_of_Medicine/Publishing. This is to ensure that verified and replicable information can reach more people rather than confined to professional readers. All the replies are attached in the annotated pdf. Thank you and have a nice day.
Editorial note
Reviewer #2 will provide some up to date references for the authors to add to the pre-print Rwatson1955 (discuss • contribs) 10:13, 21 June 2022 (UTC)
- Dear Rwatson1955, all the concerns has been addressed. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 01:23, 16 July 2022 (UTC)
Additional comments from Reviewer 2 - David Dance - 24 June 2022
This version of the review is improved, but I do have a few suggestions for further improvement and update.
1. It would be worth including mention of the recent cases in the USA linked to an imported aromatherapy spray – see Gee JE, Bower WA, Kunkel A, Petras J, Gettings J, Bye M, et al. Multistate Outbreak of Melioidosis Associated with Imported Aromatherapy Spray. The New England journal of medicine. 2022;386(9):861-8. - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 05:41, 26 June 2022 (UTC)
2. In relation to prevention, it would also be worth citing Suntornsut P, Teparrukkul P, Wongsuvan G, Chaowagul W, Michie S, Day NPJ, et al. Effectiveness of a multifaceted prevention programme for melioidosis in diabetics (PREMEL): A stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2021;15(6):e0009060. - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 14:19, 26 June 2022 (UTC)
3. The use of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in dialysis patients has not been universally successful – see Chau KWT, Smith S, Kang K, Dheda S, Hanson J. Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Melioidosis in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in the Tropics? One Size Does Not Fit All. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2018;99(3):597-600. - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 05:43, 27 June 2022 (UTC)
4. The sentences ‘Most people exposed to B. pseudomallei experience no symptoms’ and ‘Approximately 85% of the people experience symptomatic infection’ are mutually contradictory. - Removed the later sentence. Added new citation supporting the earlier sentence. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 05:41, 26 June 2022 (UTC)
5. It would be worth citing Currie BJ, Mayo M, Ward LM, Kaestli M, Meumann EM, Webb JR, et al. The Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study: a 30-year prospective, observational investigation. The Lancet Infectious diseases. 2021;21(12):1737-46, which is the largest published series of melioidosis cases. - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 08:46, 28 June 2022 (UTC)
6. In relation to CNS infection, the role of bimABm warrants mention – see Gora H, Hasan T, Smith S, Wilson I, Mayo M, Woerle C, et al. Melioidosis of the central nervous system; impact of the bimABm allele on patient presentation and outcome. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2022. - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 08:24, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
7. It is 16SrDNA sequencing not ‘16S rDNA probes’ that may be used for identification. - Done - Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 07:58, 30 June 2022 (UTC)
8. It would be worth mentioning both antigen detection and NAATs on clinical samples as potential diagnostic methods. There are numerous references that could be used for this. - Done.Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 07:58, 30 June 2022 (UTC)
9. If co-amoxiclav is used to treat melioidosis, very high doses must be used and treatment failure is more frequent than with ceftazidime (see Cheng AC, Chierakul W, Chaowagul W, Chetchotisakd P, Limmathurotsakul D, Dance DAB, et al. Consensus guidelines for dosing of amoxicillin-clavulanate in melioidosis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2008;78(2):208-9 and Suputtamongkol Y, Rajchanuwong A, Chaowagul W, Dance DAB, Smith MD, Wuthiekanun V, et al. Ceftazidime vs. amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of severe melioidosis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1994;19(5):846-53). - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 06:24, 1 July 2022 (UTC)
10. The paper Anunnatsiri S, Chaowagul W, Teparrukkul P, Chetchotisakd P, Tanwisaid K, Khemla S, et al. A Comparison Between 12 Versus 20 Weeks of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as Oral Eradication Treatment for Melioidosis: An Open-label, Pragmatic, Multicenter, Non-inferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2021;73(11):e3627-e33 also warrants mention. - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 07:35, 3 July 2022 (UTC)
11. It would be better to use the 2020 Darwin guidelines than the 2014 version throughout – see Sullivan RP, Marshall CS, Anstey NM, Ward L, Currie BJ. 2020 Review and revision of the 2015 Darwin melioidosis treatment guideline; paradigm drift not shift. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2020;14(9):e0008659. - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 07:35, 3 July 2022 (UTC)
12. Resistance to cotrimoxazole is also difficult to detect reliably – see for example Saiprom N, Amornchai P, Wuthiekanun V, Day NP, Limmathurotsakul D, Peacock SJ, et al. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Thailand. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2015;45(5):557-9. Disc diffusion methods frequently overcall resistance. - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 03:13, 13 July 2022 (UTC)
13. The statement ‘Recurrent melioidosis is rare since 2014 due to improved antibiotic therapy and prolongation of the intensive phase of therapy’ relates specifically to Darwin. - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 13:28, 13 July 2022 (UTC)
14. I would suggest saying ‘Recrudescence rates may be reduced by ensuring adherence to a full course of eradication therapy e.g. by reducing self-discharge…’ - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 13:28, 13 July 2022 (UTC)
15. The sentence ‘One of the melioidosis is encephalomyelitis’ does not make sense. - Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 13:28, 13 July 2022 (UTC)
16. It may be worth mentioning that EUCAST have recently published interpretative criteria for disc diffusion susceptibility testing - see Dance DAB, Wuthiekanun V, Baird RW, Norton R, Limmathurotsakul D, Currie BJ. Interpreting Burkholderia pseudomallei disc diffusion susceptibility test results by the EUCAST method. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2021;27(6):827-9. -Done.Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 07:05, 14 July 2022 (UTC)
17. When discussing surveillance it may be worth mentioning the fact that until very recently the official notification system in Thailand significantly underestimated the incidence of culture-positive melioidosis and mortality (Ref 25), and also that even in the UK, where reporting by laboratories is mandatory, 41.3% of cases imported since 2010 were not notified (O'Connor C, Kenna D, Walsh A, Zamarreño DV, Dance D. Imported melioidosis in the United Kingdom: Increasing incidence but continued under-reporting. Clinical Infection in Practice. 2020:100051). - Done.Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 07:05, 14 July 2022 (UTC)
18. An alternative reference regarding the Neglected Tropical Disease issue is Savelkoel J, Dance DAB, Currie BJ, Limmathurotsakul D, Wiersinga WJ. A call to action: time to recognise melioidosis as a neglected tropical disease. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2022;22(6):e176-e82. -Done.Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 14:21, 14 July 2022 (UTC)
19. The first author for reference 63 should be Cossaboom not Marinova-Petkova. - Done.Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 14:36, 14 July 2022 (UTC)
20. Another recent imported US case worthy of mention is Dawson P, Duwell MM, Elrod MG, Thompson RJ, Crum DA, Jacobs RM, et al. Human Melioidosis Caused by Novel Transmission of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Freshwater Home Aquarium, United States(1). Emerging infectious diseases. 2021;27(12):3030-5. -Done. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 13:22, 15 July 2022 (UTC)
21. The Sherlock Holmes story is more usually called ‘The Adventure of the Dying Detective’. -Done.Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 13:22, 15 July 2022 (UTC)
22. Although his first name was Ambrose, Sir AT Stanton was usually known by his second name, Thomas. -Done.Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 13:22, 15 July 2022 (UTC)
23. Although it is essentially derived from B. pseudomallei, as a result of gene loss B. mallei actually has a much smaller genome than B. pseudomallei – see Nierman WC, DeShazer D, Kim HS, Tettelin H, Nelson KE, Feldblyum T, et al. Structural flexibility in the Burkholderia mallei genome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004;101(39):14246-51. -Done.Cerevisae (discuss • contribs)
24. Far from spreading from SE Asia to Australia, the genomic evidence suggests that B. pseudomallei originated in Australia and spread from there to SE Asia and onward to other parts of the tropics (Ref 14), so the sentence ‘The discovery of melioidosis in Australia had led to a debate on when and how the disease spread from Southeast Asia to a new distant environment’ is misleading. -Done. Moved the last sentence of the "History" section to just behind this sentence for clarification.Cerevisae (discuss • contribs)
25. The suggestion that B. pseudomallei ‘is cost-effective to produce’ as a weapon is not supported by any evidence as far as I am aware. - Removed this statement as source from Foong YC cited only single source. There is no other sources that can collaborate with this statement. Cerevisae (discuss • contribs) 06:26, 27 June 2022 (UTC) Rwatson1955 (discuss • contribs) 15:23, 24 June 2022 (UTC)
Editorial note
The authors have addressed the points raised above Rwatson1955 (discuss • contribs) 07:03, 5 August 2022 (UTC)
Editorial nore
Reviewer #2 suggested the addition of a reference to recent CDC advisory on Mississipi which I have added (A recent CDC Advisory indicated that the recent detection of the organism in the environment in Mississippi following the occurrence of two indigenous cases of melioidosis, confirms that parts of the southern USA should now be regarded as melioidosis-endemic.[27]) Rwatson1955 (discuss • contribs) 12:44, 5 August 2022 (UTC)