Social Victorians/People/Londonderry

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Also Known As[edit | edit source]

  • Family name: Vane-Tempest-Stewart; Stewart at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, then Vane and Vane-Tempest, then Vane-Tempest-Stewart[1]
  • Marquess of Londonderry (Ireland peerage)[1]
    • George Henry Robert Charles William Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry (25 November 1872 — 6 November 1884)[2]
    • Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry (6 November 1884 – 8 February 1915)[3]
  • Marchioness of Londonderry
    • Mary Cornelia Edwards Vane-Tempest (25 November 1872 – 19 September 1906)
    • Theresa Susey Helen Chetwynd-Talbot Vane-Tempest-Stewart (6 November 1884 – )
  • Viscount Castlereagh, courtesy title associated with the Earl of Londonderry, used by the heir apparent, in the Peerage of Ireland.[1]
    • Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart (25 November 1872 – 6 November 1884)[3]
    • Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart (6 November 1884 – 8 February 1915)[4]
  • Viscountess Castlereagh
    • Theresa Susey Helen Chetwynd-Talbot Vane-Tempest-Stewart (2 October 1875 – 6 November 1884)
  • Lord Stewart, courtesy title, used by the heir apparent to the heir apparent, if one exists[1]
  • "between 1872 and 1999, the Marquesses of Londonderry sat in the House of Lords as The Earl Vane" ("Marquess of Londonderry").[1]

Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies[edit | edit source]

Timeline[edit | edit source]

1875 October 2, Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest and Theresa Susey Helen Chetwynd-Talbot married.[5]

1897 July 2, Friday, Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess (#512 on the list of people who attended) and Theresa Susey Helen Chetwynd-Talbot, Marchioness of Londonderry (#42 on the list) attended the Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball at Devonshire House, as did their son, Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, and their daughter, Helen Mary Theresa Vane-Tempest-Stewart.

1899 November 28, Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart and Edith Helen Chaplin married.[6]

1902 January 25, Giles Fox-Strangways and Lady Helen Vane-Tempest-Stewart married.[7]

Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball[edit | edit source]

Black-and-white photograph of a seated woman richly dressed in an historical costume with a scepter and crown
Theresa, Marchioness of Londonderry in costume as Maria Theresa. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.

Theresa, Marchioness of Londonderry[edit | edit source]

At the Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball, Theresa Chetwynd-Talbot Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry sat at Table 1 in the first seating for supper. She led the Austrian Court of Maria Theresa Quadrilles as Empress Maria Thérèse, accompanied by the Marquis of Winchester and the Marquis and Marchioness of Lansdowne.[8][9]

The Historical Maria Thérèse[edit | edit source]

We do not know what sources, if any, were consulted by Theresa, Marchioness of Londonderry in preparing for personating Maria Thérèse for the ball, except perhaps one or more portraits available, perhaps, at the South Kensington (or V&A) Museum. The Encyclopædia Britannica offers a sense of what was generally available to those interested in that kind of research. Maria Thérèse was born on 13 May 1717 and died 29 November 1780.[10] (539, Col. 1c–2a)

The discussion of Maria Thérèse that would have been available in 1897, in the 9th edition of the Britannica, is short, perhaps 1/3 or 1/4 of a column, though her reign is discussed in other articles as well. The unattributed article says, "The events of her reign have been briefly summarized under AUSTRIA (vol. iii. p. 127–129) and HUNGARY (xii. 370)."[10] (539, Col. 2a) [So to match Londonderry's age, M-T's portrait s/b 1759–1764]

Newspaper Accounts of the Marchioness of Londonderry's Costume[edit | edit source]

Several of the newspaper reports say that Lady Londonderry's costume was based on a portrait at the South Kensington Museum, which now is called the Victoria and Albert Museum.

  • She was dressed as "the Empress Marie Thérèse. Gown of rich cream satin, copied from a picture in South Kensington Museum, beautifully embroidered in shades of gold and pearls. Stomacher of diamonds with ropes of pearls festooned on each side and diamond brooches all along the top. Train of rich cream acanthus leaf brocade, fastened on the left shoulder with a huge diamond buckle caught at the waist with another. Necklace of pear-shaped pearls, with another diamond necklace above, and a crown studded with jewels."[9]
  • She "looked beautiful in white satin embroidered in three tones of yellow. The point of the bodice was outlined with some of the famous Londonderry diamonds, and the Marchioness wore a diamond crown on her powdered hair, surmounted by a large emerald cross. This queenly lady was surrounded by her Court, including four beautiful young Archduchesses in white and silver with pale blue ribbons, and wearing white plumes in their powdered hair."[11]:p. 5, Col. 7a
  • She was dressed as "Empress Maria Thérèse. Gown of rich cream satin, copied from a picture in South Kensington Museum, beautifully embroidered in shades of gold and pearls; stomacher of diamonds, with ropes of pearls festooned on each side and diamond brooches all along the top; train of rich cream acanthus leaf brocade, fastened on left shoulder with a huge diamond buckle, caught at the waist with another. Necklace of pear-shaped pearls, another diamond necklace above, and a crown studded with jewels."[8]:p. 7, Col. 7c
  • The Marchioness of Londonderry, "as the Empress Marie Therese, wore a gown of rich cream satin, copied from a picture in South Kensington Museum, beautifully embroidered in shades of gold and pearls, stomacher of diamonds with ropes of pearls festooned on each side, and diamond brooches all along the top; train of rich cream acanthus leaf brocade, fastened on left shoulder with a huge diamond buckle, caught at the waist with another; necklace of pear-shaped pearls, another diamond necklace above, and a crown studded with jewels."[12]:p. 3, Col. 3a
  • As "Marie Theresa, [she] was attired in a cream satin dress, covered with gorgeous embroidery of acanthus leaves and conventional flowers, wrought in shades of amber, silks, pearls, and gold thread. The stomacher was encrusted with superb diamonds and the white brocade train was fastened to one shoulder and at the waist by diamond brooches. The crown was surmounted by a large emerald cross."[13]:p. 5, Col. 9c
  • She was dressed as "the Empress Marie Thérèse in white satin, embroidered with gold and pearls, a stomacher of wonderful diamonds, and a mantle of white acanthus-leaf brocade, fastened on one shoulder and again at the waist with diamond ornaments. Lady Londonderry was attended by five Arch-Duchesses, Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, Lady Beatrice Butler, Lady Beatrix Fitzmaurice, and Miss Stirling, dressed alike in gowns of white and silver, with bodices of silver gauze, trimmed with blue ribbon and masses of white chiffon."[14]
  • She, "as Marie Thérese, was in gold and white satin embroidered in tawny shades of silk, and wore a large diamond crown, with other ornaments. With Lady Londonderry came a court of pretty girls dressed in silvered white broché."[15]:p. 5, Col. 1
  • She was dressed as "the Empress Thèrése of Austria, was dressed in cream-coloured satin, and was attended by five Archduchesses and five Archdukes. The former, all attired exactly alike in white and silver brocade, were Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Beatrice Butler, Lady Beatrix FitzMaurice, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, and Miss Stirling."[16]
  • "The Austrian Court was a wonderful procession, headed by the Marchioness of Londonderry as the Empress Marie Thérèse. She wore the famous Londonderry diamonds, which included a diamond crown copied exactly from one worn by the Empress Marie Thérèse on her powdered hair."[17]:p. 32, Col. 2c

Lady Londonderry's costume garnered more discussion than mere repetition of the description:

  • The Dundee Evening Telegraph, citing Drapery World, has part of this article from the London Daily News: "All the costumes worn in the Marchioness of Londonderry’s quadrille at the Duchess of Devonshire's grand ball were, by her Ladyship's special request, composed of materials of British or Irish manufacture. Lady Londonderry's own gown was embroidered at Lady Duncannon's Irish School of Art Needlework at Garryhill. A benevolent suggestion has been made by the kind hearted Marchioness to the effect that the ball should be repeated in some large public building for the benefit of some charity, admission and seats being charged for as at any other attractive spectacle. The scene would be a splendid one, and would actually be seen to better advantage in a very spacious hall than would be possible in any private mansion, however magnificent."[18] (This article in the London Daily News[18] about the Marchioness of Londonderry's use of local artisans to make all the materials for the costumes in the Marie Thérèse quadrille is repeated exactly a week later by the Peterhead Sentinel[19].)
  • According to "Notes Mainly Personal" in the Dundee Evening Telegraph: "Society women are really becoming patriotic in the matter of their dress, says the Drapery World. We read with the utmost satisfaction that all the costumes worn in the Marchioness of Londonderry's quadrille at the Duchess of Devonshire's grand ball were, by her Ladyship's special request, composed of materials of British or Irish manufacture."[20]:p. 2, Col. 1b
  • Lady Londonderry's dress was made by Mme Durrant: "Lady Londonderry has, says the 'Queen,' been wearing some perfect gowns lately, made for her by Mme. Durrant. One of cream-coloured Renaissance brocade, which she had worn at the Devonshire House Fancy Ball, had such a decided pattern it looked as if it were velvet. Coming from the back of the bodice round to the front was a sash, half silk, half lace, of a deep tea tone, that matched the exact tint of the brocade, and on this wide and long sash were embroidered small silk flowers in the style of the early part of this century. The dress was simple and extremely stylish, and was cut in the Princesse form."[21]

Lafayette's portrait of "Theresa Susey Helen (née Talbot), Marchioness of Londonderry as Maria Theresa" in costume is photogravure #106 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.[22] The printing on the portrait says, "The Marchioness of Londonderry as Maria Theresa," with a Long S in Marchioness.[23]

Commentary on Lady Londonderry's Costume[edit | edit source]

  • Although we do not know the year of her birth, Lady Londonderry was likely around 40–45 years old at the time of the ball. (Her husband was born in 1852, she married in 1875 and her first recorded child was born in 1876.)
  • Although the London Daily News says that her hair was powdered at the ball, Lady Londonderry's hair is not powdered in the 1897 Lafayette photograph. This portrait does not have the same background and props as the ones taken at the ball, so it was likely taken in Lafayette's studio. Perhaps her hair was powdered at the ball and not for the portrait, or perhaps the reportage in the London Daily News was incorrect.
  • The newspaper reports disagree about the color of Lady Londonderry's costume: some say cream, others say white.

Charles, Marquess of Londonderry[edit | edit source]

Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, the Marquess of Londonderry (at 511) was also present and, according to the Morning Post, walked in the Austrian procession, behind his wife.[8]:p. 7, Col. 6b

Black-and-white photograph of a standing man richly dressed in an historical costume and a white wig
Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh in costume as the Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.

Charles, Viscount Castlereagh[edit | edit source]

Their son, Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh (at 73), attended as Maria Thérèse's son Emperor Joseph II in the Austrian Court of Maria Theresa procession.[8][9]

  • "Viscount Castlereagh, impersonating the Emperor Joseph, was in white satin and gold, with powdered hair, and wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece."[12]:p. 3, Col. 4c
  • "Lord Castlereagh very appropriately personated her son, and looked quite imposing in white brocaded silk, embroidered with gold. Archdukes were similarly dressed."[17]:p. 32, Col. 3a
  • He was dressed as "The Emperor Joseph, in white satin and gold, with powdered hair, and wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece."[8]:p. 8, Col. 1b
  • "Lord Castlereagh, very appropriately, impersonated a son of Queen Marie Thérèse and looked very stately and imposing in his white brocaded silk embroidered with gold, and a Louis XV. wig."[11]:p. 5, Col. 7a
  • "Lord Castlereagh was one of the archdukes accompanying his mother [the Marchioness of Londonderry], and was in white and gold."[13]:p. 5, Col. 9c

Lafayette's portrait of "Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry when Viscount Castlereagh as the Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria" in costume is photogravure #108 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.[22] The printing on the portrait says, "Viscount Castlereagh as the Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria" ("Viscount Castlereagh as the Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria").[24]

Helen Mary Theresa Vane-Tempest-Stewart[edit | edit source]

Black-and-white photograph of a seated woman richly dressed in an historical costume with a white feather plume in her hair and a fan
Lady Helen Stewart in costume as the Archduchess Marie Christine of Austria. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.

Along with Lady Mary Stewart, Helen Mary Vane-Tempest-Stewart (at 43), Lady Beatrice Butler (at 45), Lady Alexandra Hamilton (at 46), Miss Stirling (at 47), and Lady Beatrix Fitzmaurice (at 44) were in attendance on Theresa Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry, who led the Austrian procession as Marie Thérèse.[12]:3, Col. 3a Helen Stewart-Murray, then, went as an Archduchess, possibly "as Archduchess Marie-Christine in the Archduchess Marie-Karoline and Emperor Joseph II section of the Austrian Court of Maria Theresa Quadrille."[9] [8]:p. 7, Col. 6b Lady Mary Stewart was 20 years old, as were Lady Beatrix Petty-Fitzmaurice and Lady Beatrice Butler; Lady Alexandra Hamilton was 21 and Miss Stirling, if she was Evelyn Mary Caroline Lilah Stirling, was 19.

All these young women were dressed alike:

  • "Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Beatrix Fitzmaurice, Lady Beatrice Butler, Lady Alexandra Hamilton and Miss Stirling as Archduchesses in waiting on Marie Thérèse — were dressed alike in stiff silver brocatelle, with deep pointed bodices of silver tissue, veiled with white lisse and half-hoops of old-fashioned blue satin ribbon, large paniers of white lisse, and quaint sleeves with frills and bows of blue ribbon."[8]:p. 7, Col. 7c
  • "Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Beatrix Fitzmaurice, Lady Beatrice Butler, Lady Alexandra Hamilton and Miss Stirling as Archduchesses in Waiting on Marie Thérèse were dressed alike in stiff silver brocatelle, with deep-pointed bodices of silver tissue, veiled with white lisse and half hoops of old-fashioned blue satin riband; large flounces of white lisse, and quaint sleeves, with frills and bows of blue riband."[9]
  • "The archduchesses were Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, Lady Beatrice Fitzmaurice, Lady Beatrice Butler, and Miss Seymour [sic]. Their dresses were particularly admired, and were of beautiful silver brocade, made with corsages of silver cloth under soft lisse, and with wide blue ribbons tied high at the side."[13]:p. 5, Col. 9c
  • "Lady Londonderry, as the Empress Thèrése of Austria, was dressed in cream-coloured satin, and was attended by five Archduchesses and five Archdukes. The former, all attired exactly alike in white and silver brocade, were Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Beatrice Butler, Lady Beatrix FitzMaurice, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, and Miss Stirling."[16]
  • "Lady Londonderry was attended by five Arch-Duchesses, Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, Lady Beatrice Butler, Lady Beatrix Fitzmaurice, and Miss Stirling, dressed alike in gowns of white and silver, with bodices of silver gauze, trimmed with blue ribbon and masses of white chiffon."[14]

Lafayette's portrait of "Helen Mary Theresa (née Vane-Tempest-Stewart), Countess of Ilchester when Lady Helen Stewart as the Archduchess Marie Christine of Austria" in costume is photogravure #107 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.[22] The printing on the portrait says, "Lady Helen Stewart as the Archduchess Marie Christine of Austria," with a Long S in Archduchess.[25]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

  • Nationality: British[26]

Family[edit | edit source]

  • George Henry Robert Charles William Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry (26 April 1821 — 6 November 1884)[2]
  • Mary Cornelia Edwards ( – 19 September 1906)[27]
  1. Lady Frances Cornelia Harriet Emily Vane-Tempest ( — 2 March 1872)
  2. Lady Avarina Mary Vane-Tempest ( — 26 June 1873)
  3. Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry (16 July 1852 — 8 February 1915)
  4. Lord Henry John Vane-Tempest (1 July 1854 — 28 January 1905)
  5. Lord Sir Herbert Lionel Henry Vane-Tempest (6 July 1862 — 26 January 1921)
  6. Lady Alexandrina Louise Maud Vane-Tempest (8 November 1863 — 31 July 1945)


  • Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry (16 July 1852 – 8 February 1915)[3]
  • Theresa Susey Helen Chetwynd-Talbot ( – 16 March 1919)[5]
  1. Helen Mary Theresa Vane-Tempest-Stewart (8 September 1876 – 14 January 1956)
  2. Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry (13 May 1878 – 11 February 1949)
  3. Charles Stewart Reginald Vane-Tempest-Stewart (4 December 1879 – 9 October 1899)


  • Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry (13 May 1878 – 11 February 1949)[4]
  • Fannie Ward (not married)[28]
  1. Dorothé Mabel Lewis (1900–1938)
  • Edith Helen Chaplin Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry (3 December 1878 – 23 April 1959)[6]
  1. Maureen Helen Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1900–1942)
  2. Edward Charles Stewart Robert Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 8th Marquess of Londonderry (1902–1955)
  3. Margaret Frances Anne Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1910–1966)
  4. Helen Maglona Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1911–1986)
  5. Mairi Elizabeth Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1921–2009)

Notes and Questions[edit | edit source]

Footnotes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Marquess of Londonderry". Wikipedia. 2020-10-07. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marquess_of_Londonderry&oldid=982357311. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "George Henry Robert Charles William Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry." "Person Page". www.thepeerage.com. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry". Wikipedia. 2020-07-27. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry&oldid=969828521. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry". Wikipedia. 2020-09-14. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_7th_Marquess_of_Londonderry&oldid=978292230. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Lady Theresa Susey Helen Chetwynd-Talbot." "Person Page". www.thepeerage.com. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry". Wikipedia. 2020-09-29. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edith_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_Marchioness_of_Londonderry&oldid=980953998. 
  7. ↑ "Lady Helen Mary Theresa Vane-Tempest-Stewart." "Person Page". www.thepeerage.com. Retrieved 2021-09-14. https://www.thepeerage.com/p1534.htm#i15334.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 "Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." Morning Post Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 "Ball at Devonshire House." The Times Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c The Times Digital Archive. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 [Unattributed.] "Maria Theresa." The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature. Ed., Thomas Spencer Baynes. 9th edition. Vol. XV (Vol. 15): Loo–Memphis. 1885. Google Books. Retrieved 7 March 2023. https://archive.org/details/encyclopaedia-britannica-9ed-1875/Vol%2015%20%28Loo-Memphis%29%20193639026.23/page/538/mode/2up.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Duchess of Devonshire's Fancy Ball. A Brilliant Spectacle. Some of the Dresses." London Daily News Saturday 3 July 1897: 5 [of 10], Col. 6a–6, Col. 1b. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000051/18970703/024/0005 and http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000051/18970703/024/0006.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 “The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London Evening Standard 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "The Duchess of Devonshire's Fancy Dress Ball. Special Telegram." Belfast News-Letter Saturday 03 July 1897: 5 [of 8], Col. 9 [of 9]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000038/18970703/015/0005.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 “The Devonshire House Ball. A Brilliant Gathering.” The Pall Mall Gazette 3 July 1897, Saturday: 7 [of 10], Col. 2a–3a. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18970703/019/0007.
  15. ↑ “The Duchess’s Costume Ball.” Westminster Gazette 03 July 1897 Saturday: 5 [of 8], Cols. 1a–3b [of 3]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002947/18970703/035/0005.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Duchess of Devonshire's Fancy-Dress Ball. Brilliant Spectacle." The [Guernsey] Star 6 July 1897, Tuesday: 1 [of 4], Col. 1–2. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000184/18970706/003/0001.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 “The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The Gentlewoman 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "This Morning’s News." London Daily News 6 July 1897, Tuesday: 7 [of 12], Col. 3b. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000051/18970706/038/0007.
  19. ↑ “Gleanings.” Peterhead Sentinel and General Advertiser for Buchan District 13 July 1897, Tuesday: 3 [of 8], Col. 5b. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001469/18970713/059/0003.
  20. ↑ “Notes Mainly Personal.” Dundee Evening Telegraph 14 July 1897, Wednesday: 2 [of 4], Col. 1b. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000453/18970714/001/0002.
  21. ↑ "Lines for the Ladies." Daily Gazette for Middlesbrough Thursday 16 June 1898: 4 [of 4], Col. 2c. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000159/18980616/060/0004.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 "Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker & Boutall after various photographers." 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515 (accessed January 2020).
  23. ↑ "Theresa Susey Helen." Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158468/Theresa-Susey-Helen-ne-Talbot-Marchioness-of-Londonderry-as-Maria-Theresa (accessed January 2020).
  24. ↑ "Viscount Castlereagh as the Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria." Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158470/Charles-Stewart-Henry-Vane-Tempest-Stewart-7th-Marquess-of-Londonderry-when-Viscount-Castlereagh-as-the-Emperor-Francis-Joseph-of-Austria (accessed January 2020).
  25. ↑ "Lady Helen Stewart." Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158469/Helen-Mary-Theresa-ne-Vane-Tempest-Stewart-Countess-of-Ilchester-when-Lady-Helen-Stewart-as-the-Archduchess-Marie-Christine-of-Austria (accessed January 2020).
  26. ↑ "George Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry". Wikipedia. 2021-05-21. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Vane-Tempest,_5th_Marquess_of_Londonderry&oldid=1024318163.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Vane-Tempest,_5th_Marquess_of_Londonderry.
  27. ↑ "Mary Cornelia Edwards." "Person Page". www.thepeerage.com. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
  28. ↑ "Fannie Ward". Wikipedia. 2020-03-17. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fannie_Ward&oldid=946079211. 
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