Latin/Future Tense Lesson 2
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Future tense, third and fourth conjugation
[edit | edit source]Today’s lesson continues the future tense in Latin. As we saw last lesson, 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs use the endings
- bō, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt to form the future tense
- (with the help of the connecting vowel ā for 1st conjugation, ē for 2nd).
This week we’ll turn to the forms used for the 3rd and 4th conjugations:
| Formed by | Latin Example mittō | English meaning | Latin Example | English meaning | Latin Example audio | English meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present stem + am | mittam | I will send | capiam | I will seize | audiam | I will hear |
| present stem + ēs | mittēs | you will send | capies | you will seize | audiēs | you will hear |
| present stem + et | mittet | he will send | capiet | he will seize | audiet | he will hear |
| present stem + ēmus | mittēmus | we will send | capiemus | we will seize | audiēmus | we will hear |
| present stem + ētis | mittētis | you will send | capietis | you will seize | audiētis | you will hear |
| present stem + ent | mittent | they will send | capient | they will seize | audient | they will hear |
Most irregular verbs follow the pattern of 3rd/4th conjugation verbs, except for compounds of sum which follow that pattern — erō, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt — and compounds of eō: ībō, ībis, ībit, ībimus, ībitis, ībunt. We’ll introduce a few of these in this lesson and a few in the next.
New Vocabulary
[edit | edit source]| Latin | English | Audio (Classical) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| nēmō, nēminis | no one, nobody | 3rd declension noun, a compound of nē + homō |
New Sentences
[edit | edit source]| Latin | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Epistulam mittam. | I will send the letter. | |
| Nēmō hoc leget. | No one will read this. | |
| Hodiē pullum edunt; crās holera edent. | Today they eat chicken; tomorrow they will eat vegetables. | |
| Quis solvet? | Who will pay? | |
| Nunc aquam bibimus; vespere vīnum bibēmus. | Now we are drinking water; in the evening we will drink wine. | |
| Crās intellegēs / intellegētis. | Tomorrow you will understand. | |
| Māter dē hōc audiet. | Mother will hear about this. | |
| Vivent. | They will live. | |
| Quandō veniēs / veniētis? | When will you come? | |
| Paula ambulābit, sed Lūcia curret. | Paula will walk, but Lucia will run. | |
| Mārcus librum emet, sed Gāius librōs vēndet. | Marcus will buy a book, but Gaius will sell books. | |
| Nēmō mihi crēdet! | No one will believe me! | |
| Numquam clāvēs inveniam. | I will never find the keys. | |
| Mīlitēs gladiōs pōnent. | The soldiers will put down their swords. | |
| Quid dīcent? | What will they say? | |
| Quid agent / facient? | What will they do? | |
| Senātus aget. | The Senate will act. | |
| Mārcus domī (opus faciet) / (laborābit). | Marcus will work at home. | |
| Tēcum ībō. | I will go with you. | |
| Quō ībis? | Where will you go? | |
| Dormient. | They will sleep. | |
| Nēmō sciet. | No one will know. | |
| Mox lūdere poterō. | Soon I will be able to play. | |
| Nēmō dormīre poterit. | No one will be able to sleep. | |
| Solvēre nōn poterunt. | They will not be able to pay. | |
| Saccharum in theam nōn pōnam. | I will not put sugar in the tea. | |
| “Nōn faciēs tibi sculptile.” | Thou shalt not make for yourself a graven image. | Exodus 20:4 |
| “Nōn occīdēs.” | Thou shalt not murder. | Exodus 20:13 |
| “Quis cū̆stōdiet ipsōs cū̆stōdēs?” | Who will guard the guards themselves? | Juvenal |
| Proximā lēctiōne plūs discēmus. | We will learn more in the next lesson. |
Practice
[edit | edit source]| Practice and learn the words and phrases in this lesson | |
|---|---|
| Step one | First learn the words using this lesson: |
| Step two | Next try learning and writing the sentencing using this: |
| Note that the Memrise stage covers the content for all lessons in each stage. If you are skipping previous stages you may need to manually "ignore" the words in previous levels (use the 'select all' function) | |
Valēte!