Latin/Numbers
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We've learned the basic terms for measuring time; now let’s learn the cardinal numbers this lesson. We’ll eventually need more lessons on numbers, but for now, just the basics.
Numbers are adjectives; the first three are declinable, although ūnus is only declinable in the singular, and others only in the plural; they are slightly irregular in some cases. All the rest we’ll be learning today are indeclinable; that is, they do not change their form even if modifying a noun of a case other than the nominative (except for the plural of thousand, which we'll briefly explain at the end of this list).
Numbers
[edit | edit source]| Latin numeral | Latin | English | Audio (Classical) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. | ūnus, ūna, ūnum | one | ||
| II. | duō, duae, duō | two | ||
| III. | trēs, tria | three | ||
| IV. | quattuor | four | ||
| V. | quīnque | five | ||
| VI. | sex | six | ||
| VII. | septem | seven | ||
| VIII. | octō | eight | ||
| IX. | novem | nine | ||
| X. | decem | ten | ||
| XI. | undecim | eleven | ||
| XII. | duodecim | twelve | ||
| XIII. | tredecim | thirteen | ||
| XIV. | quattuordecim | fourteen | ||
| XV. | quīndecim | fifteen | ||
| XVI. | sēdecim | sixteen | ||
| XVII. | septendecim | seventeen | ||
| XVIII. | duodēvīgintī | eighteen | Originally meant "two from twenty" | |
| XIX. | ūndēvīgintī | nineteen | Originally meant "one from twenty" | |
| XX. | vīgintī | twenty | ||
| C. | centum | one hundred | ||
| M. | mīlle | one thousand | In the plural mīllia, a neuter noun meaning "thousands", often used with genitive. Used with passus, us = adj a pace; mīlle passus = a mile, mīllia passuum = thousands of paces or miles) |
New Sentences
[edit | edit source]| Latin | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ūnus puer, duō virī, trēs puellae. | One boy, two men, three girls. | |
| Ūna fēmina, duae puellae. | One woman, two girls. | |
| Ūnum diārium, duō diāria, tria diāria. | One newspaper, two newspapers, three newspapers. | |
| Mārcus ūnum fīlium et duās fīliās habet. | Marcus has one son and two daughters. | |
| Domus ūnius virī. | The house of one man. | |
| Māter duōrum fīliōrum et duārum fīliārum. | The mother of two sons and two daughters. | |
| Paula pecūniam ūnī puellae et duōbus puerīs dat. | Paula gives money to one girl and two boys. | |
| Paula pecūniam tribus līberīs dat. | Paula gives money to three children. | |
| Est domus trium amīcōrum. | It is the house of three friends. | |
| Trēs altās nāvēs videt. | He sees three tall ships. | |
| Cum tribus agricolīs et ūnō mīlite ambulō. | I am walking with three farmers and one soldier. | |
| Quattuor et quīnque sunt novem. | Four plus five is nine/ four and five are nine. | |
| Ūndēvīgintī minus sex sunt tredecim. | Nineteen minus six is thirteen./ 19 – 6 = 13. | |
| Sunt duodecim mēnsēs in ūnō annō. | There are twelve months in one year. | |
| Quot sunt decem multiplicātum per duō? Vīgintī. | How many are (how much is) ten multiplied by two? Twenty. | |
| Decem multiplicātum per decem sunt centum. | 10 x 10 = 100. | |
| Quot annōs nātus (nāta) es? | How old are you/ how many years since you were born? | Gender must agree with person you are asking. |
| Quot annōs habēs? | How old are you/ How many years do you have? | |
| Gāius sedecim annōs nātus est. | Gaius is sixteen years old. | |
| Duodēvīgintī annōs nāta (nātus) sum. | I am eighteen years old. | |
| Centum annī sunt ūnum saeculum. | One hundred years are one century (of time). | |
| per mīlle annōs. | for a thousand years. | |
| Centum mīlitēs in ūnā centuriā sunt. | A hundred soldiers are in one century | Military unit. |
| Mīlle mīlitēs videō. | I see a thousand soldiers. | |
| Quattuor mīlia mīlitum videō. | I see four thousand soldiers. | |
| Gāius mīlle passus ambulat. | Gaius walks a mile | A thousand paces |
| Lūcia decem mīlia passuum ambulat. | Lucia walks ten miles. |
Practice
[edit | edit source]| Practice and learn the words and phrases in this lesson | |
|---|---|
| Step one | First learn the words using this lesson: |
| Step two | Next try learning and writing the sentencing using this: |
| Note that the Memrise stage covers the content for all lessons in each stage. If you are skipping previous stages you may need to manually "ignore" the words in previous levels (use the 'select all' function) | |
This seems like plenty of numbers to start with. Maybe in a future lesson we’ll do 21-99 and some of the hundreds, as well as ordinal numbers. Next lesson, though, we will get back to present tense verbs. Grātiās vōbīs agō et valēte!