SCCAP/APA Convention/2018/Opening Up Psychology to Give It Away--- Open Platforms to bring Psychology to All People

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This symposium, titled, Opening Up Psychology to Give It Away--- Open Platforms to bring Psychology to All People, shared how several different open-sourced platforms are helping improve the dissemination of psychological science.

Presenters and abstracts[edit | edit source]

Frank Schulenburg, MA, "Pedagogical Benefits and Challenges of Assigning Psychology Students to Write Wikipedia"[edit | edit source]

Abstract[edit | edit source]

Wiki Education is a non-profit aiming to improve Wikipedia by systematically working with higher education institutions, instructors, and students to bring academic knowledge to the world’s most popular source of information. Wiki Education runs a program teaching students how to turn their research and writing into Wikipedia articles, closing content gaps in the encyclopedia. The program engages students to produce public scholarship, teaches information literacy and critical thinking, and actively teaches students how to communicate science. Wiki Education has developed a suite of tools and trainings to teach students how Wikipedia works and help instructors design, manage, and assess the Wikipedia assignment. Students at more than 500 universities in the United States and Canada have added 40 million words based on academic, peer-reviewed sources to Wikipedia, providing hundreds of millions of readers with better information. Psychology students alone have improved nearly 1,000 articles as a part of this program. Psychology students face stringent sourcing requirements, as their assignments require them to add medical information to the world’s most-accessed medical reference. Wiki Education’s resources help students navigate these standards. As students enter any new community, they must learn how to participate productively, and the challenges they face help build critical thinking and communication skills. As students and instructors consult Wiki Education’s resources and staff, they learn how to resolve potential conflicts with other editors, how to identify low-quality articles to improve, how to add well-cited psychological information, and how to improve Wikipedia’s psychology content in the long-term. During this talk, Wiki Education Executive Director Frank Schulenburg will address opportunities and challenges for students in the psychology classroom to amplify their impact to the world's understanding of psychology through Wikipedia.

Presentation[edit | edit source]

  • Powerpoint
Notes[edit | edit source]
Click "Expand" for notes
  • Website= wikiedu.org
  • Most Wiki users are men and know a lot about computer games and military history
  • WikiEdu has students write Wiki articles instead of term papers- working with 500 universities in the United States
  • Announcement on 8/22- Scholars and Scientists program to target high-profile Wikipedia pages in their field
    • Is there bias in editing articles in your field?
      • Should not edit the article about yourself- if there is an error, suggest it on the talk page
      • Also, don’t edit articles about your own institution
      • Field of expertise- welcome to edit! Many articles are missing or have gaps
    • How to reach and engage academics?
      • Work with academic associations like APA
      • Symbiotic- informs public about your field
      • Plans with a larger institution in the US to help
  • Case study- “Sleep disorder”
    • Wikipedia article that has been contributed to by students in Wiki Education
    • Demonstrates instructor tool that shows what students have contributed what to the article
    • There is also a tool to display the pattern of views of the page
    • For sleep disorders, about 20,000 people per month see those students’ changes
    • Point- Wikipedia is an excellent way to share your work
  • Benefits and challenges of student editors-
    • Complexity-  
      • People are more effective with hand holding
      • Editing Wikipedia (technical skills)
      • Each discipline on Wikipedia has its own rules
      • Citation style differs between Wikipedia and specific disciplines
    • Community-
      • Positive thing- people help out when you make mistakes and encourage you to improve your content
      • Student has to be able to defend his/her work on Wikipedia if someone else challenges it
  • Comparison survey to traditional assignments-
    • Most students and instructors said that the Wikipedia writing was better or much better learning to write, learning about online source reliability, and learning digital literacy

Mian-Li Ong, MA, "Using Wikipedia and Wikiversity to Advance Evidence-Based Assessment in Psychology"[edit | edit source]

Abstract[edit | edit source]

Wikipedia is the largest encyclopedia in the world and the 6th most visited Internet site. Wikiversity is a sister site geared towards teaching. Evidence-Based Assessment (EBA) is a clinical decision-making approach that uses diagnostic probability as one way of guiding clinical decisions. Clinicians can use EBA methods to integrate multiple findings, such as test scores, risk factors, and other pieces of evidence to refine diagnostic probability estimates (Gray, 2004; Straus, Glasziou, Richardson, & Haynes, 2011). However, more needs to be done to put EBA tools in the hands of those who could use them to help others. Barriers include selecting the best quality instruments from an overwhelming number of competing options (Buros, 1965), cost (Jensen-Doss & Hawley, 2010), finding and accessing copies of validated instruments, and understanding how to interpret scores (Glasziou & Haynes, 2005). Open-sourced web-based approaches, such as Wikipedia and Wikiversity, improve access and eliminate costs to help bridge the science-practice gap. They are easily updated and community driven. There is now an online EBA ecosystem with niches for the different assessment stakeholders. It currently encompasses 150+ pages, accruing more than 25 million views and engaging more than 200 student editors, as well as garnering grant support from five professional societies. For researchers, there is an overview of the EBA model, with examples and code for statistical techniques to make findings more clinically applicable. For clinicians, Wikiversity pages show how to apply EBA, using vignettes to teach clinicians how to apply EBA principles to clinical cases, and providing resources such as free, well-validated assessments, along with scoring information. For the general public, Wikipedia pages provide an encyclopedic overview, and Wikiversity pages create forums for discussion and resources related to hot topics in psychology, such as the depictions of bullying and suicide in the Netflix series 13 Reasons Why.

Presentation[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]
Click "Expand" for notes
  • Funded by a variety of organizations
  • Problems with assessment- EBA as a solution
    • Informal interviews lead to the use of heuristics (such as confirmation bias), which leads to the assessment that is unquantifiable
    • “Gold standard” methods are inefficient, expensive
    • Evidence-based assessment is a decision-making framework to guide the assessment process, integrating multiple findings such as risk factors and test scores via the nomogram approach
  • The nomogram-
    • Three columns:
      • Left: pretest probability which uses what we know about clinical settings. For instance, if the base rate of depression is 30% in the clinic
      • Middle: Likelihood ratio. For instance, the client’s father has depression which makes the chances 3x more likely
      • Right: posttest probability- the updated odds of the person having depression
      • If the posttest probability is still too low to know, use another nomogram starting with the updated probability and incorporating different types of evidence
  • EBA is underused clinically
    • Attributed to the science-practice gap- the leaky evidence pipeline
    • The clinician has to be aware of the research, accept it, apply it, be able to do it, act on it, agree with it, and adhere to it before it reaches the patient
  • Barriers to implementation-
    • Quality, cost, and accessibility
    • Quality- the overwhelming number of options
    • Cost- many established measures cost money (e.g. ASEBA)
      • So, hospitals and funded locations can afford but developing countries can’t get
    • Accessibility- many results are hard to find
  • The power of Wikipedia
    • The 5th most visited site on the web
    • Agreement with Google and Bing that puts a Wikipedia page on the first screen of hits if there’s an appropriate article
    • Example- February 14th, 2018 - Parkland shooting
      • Over 1 million views of Wiki articles relating to the shooting that day
  • Year 2015- what they did
    • Collaboration with D53 and D12 to link to resources of the divisions to Wikipedia
    • Since the start of their project- over 57 million hits
      • Who’s looking at it? Any clinicians or researchers?
  • Summary-
    • EBA is great but needs work
    • Efficient, quantifies multiple facets of info
    • Wikimedia is an excellent dissemination platform
    • HGAPS- non-profit putting content on Wiki- hgaps.org

Yen-Ling Chen, BS, "Dissemination of Psychological Science: An International Collaborative Tele-Education Project"[edit | edit source]

Abstract[edit | edit source]

The United States has always been a leader in modern psychological science. However, there are significant barriers to dissemination of research-based knowledge to educational systems globally. Such barriers include lack of language proficiency, limited access to high-quality learning material or opportunities, and geographical barriers. The rapid pace of technological innovation can bridge the inequality gap in education. Over the past decade, tele-education, an approach to enhancing student’s knowledge and performance via the use of information and communication technologies, has become more and more popular (Masic, 2008). Distance learning, videoconferencing, and asynchronous instructional video are some common forms of tele-education (Curran, 2006). The current project aims to develop an effective tele-education model to disseminate psychological science in college education. We conducted a pilot online research seminar including 24 students in the US, Canada, South Korea, and Taiwan from August to December, 2017. Specific goals included (a) enhancing students’ research-based knowledge, (b) teaching them data visualization for exploration and presentation, (c) teaching them how to use syntax to run basic and intermediate statistical analyses, and (d) providing students with opportunities to participate in psychological research. To address geographical barriers, the course used online communication platforms, including weekly video calls (GoogleHangouts). To address language barriers, even though teaching materials were presented in English, supplemental discussion sessions were delivered in Mandarin, the primary language of the teaching fellow (TF) (YLC) and Taiwanese students. The TF, who is fluent in both Mandarin and English, facilitated communication between students and the project mentor, a professor in the US. Finally, to address barriers to resources, all materials were shared in cloud storage. Finished examples, source code, and other learning resources were posted on an open educational platform, Wikiversity. Students submitted their final projects as academic posters to professional conferences. Strengths, limitations and recommendations of tele-education are discussed.

Presentation[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]
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  • Collaboration between UNLV and National Taiwan University
  • Outline
    • Dissemination of research-based knowledge globally
    • International project
  • Dissemination of research-based knowledge-
    • Dissemination = act or process of spreading something
      • Three levels- Dissemination for awareness, Dissemination for understanding, Dissemination for action
    • Barriers
      • Lack of language proficiency
        • Hard to have a direct conversation in English for ESL students
      • Limited access to high-quality learning materials
      • Geographical barriers
    • Solutions
      • Tele-education = the application of info and communication Tech in the delivery of distance learning
        • Audio
        • Video
        • Video recordings
        • Computer-mediated learning
    • International dissemination project
      • Attended poster sessions, lots of out of country participants, only one from Taiwan
        • Students in Taiwan have limited opportunities to do research
          • Comes down to Data entry vs. Team projects
          • What if team projects were introduced to students in Taiwan? Put everything online so everyone can see it
      • Course Goals
        • Enhance research-based knowledge
        • Teach students data visualization
        • Syntax skills
      • People involved
        • 1 project mentor (Eric Youngstrom)
        • 1 teaching fellow at UNLV
        • 29 students around the world
      • Schedule of project
        • Week 1 intro of course/project
        • Week 2,3 Research question and lit search
        • Week 4,5 explore the dataset
        • Week 6 discussion
        • Week 7,8 draft intro and method
        • Week 10 start analyses and interpretations
          • International meeting in 4 countries
        • Week 11 Finalize abstract
        • Week 12: Submit abstract
      • Everything took place online
        • Used google hangouts/skype
        • Emails
      • How
      • Results
        • 6 posters accepted to APA 2018
        • 3 students came from Taiwan
        • Examples, code and other materials were posted to Wikiversity
      • Limitations
        • Time difference (15 hrs) made involving students from around the world difficult
        • In the future
          • Could use video recordings/ upload things to Wikiversity ahead of time so students have more flexibility with their time
          • Google hangouts/ emails only at the beginning, middle, and end of the semester with emails in between if more discussion is required

Eric A. Youngstrom, Ph.D., "From Floppies and Photocopies to the Web and the Cloud: Giving Away Psychology Using Wiki"[edit | edit source]

Abstract[edit | edit source]

The tradition of giving away psychology grew out of the community mental health tradition. Although the roots are a half-century old, the philosophy aligns well with current initiatives in open science and teaching. Researchers often kept assessments and toolkits in the public domain, only to have the lack of advertising and distribution undermine societal benefit. Technology and crowdsourcing platforms can no bypass multiple leaks in the dissemination pipeline. Free measures can be hosted as PDFs online, or as free screening centers with evidence-based resources offered with the feedback (see DBSA.ORG/screeningcenter). Open teaching has changed from kind mentors sharing floppy disks to Wikiversity hosting open classrooms and exercises available to everyone with Internet access. The Open Science Foundation (osf.io) provides a free hosting resource that complements the strengths of Wikipedia to create a repository of research-oriented files. Online sites also create new opportunities for professional discussion and consultation, plus find-a-therapist directories. Wikipedia and Wikiversity offer a huge opportunity for Psychology by virtue of their strengths in terms of process and place. In terms of process, Wiki media are the most mature and burnished crowdsourcing platforms. They have well-refined procedures for documenting version history (~permanent “track changes”), attributing authorship, organizing feedback and contrasting viewpoints (the talk/discuss pages, ~“comment bubbles”), and monitoring pages (via the watchlist). In terms of place, Wikipedia is the 5th or 6th most visited site on the Internet, and Google (#1) searches return Wikipedia pages on the first screen full of hits. Wiki also harnesses the “power of one” network effect—because there is only one, people will always know where to look. Hitching Psychology’s wagon to the Wiki train will ultimately achieve the best dissemination: Though newer and initially having credibility concerns, the faster and better process and strength of place will carry the day.

Presentation[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]
Click "Expand" for notes
  • Manuscripts were on floppy disks
  • Had his start in community health psychology
  • Appealing to give psychology away to these communities, a theme which stays true in the rest of this career
  • He learned that research doesn’t automatically make it to the public or become helpful
  • He has students make a lot of assessment portfolios detailing EBA practices
    • He also thought about making websites that are curated by professional organization, but they get hardly any page views and are really low on Google (the 150,000th hit)
    • He started putting up assessment portfolios online, where all the assessment information you could ever need stay
  • Talk pages: pages on the back end of every resource that has a way that people can communicate with one another about the page
  • Wikipedia’s audience is the general public, and Wikiversity is more for researchers, students, teachers, and practitioners
  • tinyurl.com/HGAPSdemo has the links to all of the links HGAPS find important