Data Coding and Information Decoding

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Unique Code

Data consists of numbers, text, sounds, images, videos, etc. In order to define them in the real world, we are using numbers (0-9), letters (A-Z) and symbols (@,[,\, etc) or a combination thereof. For example:

2012 (number)
Wikiversity (letters)
3<5 (combination of numbers and symbols)
X=(Y*Z)+W-U (combination of alphabet and symbols)
N123 (combination of letters and numbers)

Computers, however, don't understand the definitions for numbers (0-9), letters (A-Z) and symbols (@,[,\, etc), so in order to process those pieces of information a unique code must be assigned to each of them. The unique code for numbers, letters, and symbols is a binary numeral.

In practical use, each "0" and "1" in binary number uses a Physical attribute that is electrical or magnetic. The smallest part of that Physical attribute is named "Bit", the existence of the Physical attribute is "1", and the absence of the Physical attribute is "0"; 8 bits grouped up are called 1 Byte (so 1 byte=8 bits).

The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, represents numeric values using two symbols - 0 and 1.

Examples:

numerical value " 0 " is 0. The unique code for 0 is → 00000000
numerical value " 1 " is 1. The unique code for 1 is → 00000001
numerical value " 2 " is 10. The unique code for 2 is → 00000010
numerical value " 3 " is 11. The unique code for 3 is → 00000011
numerical value " 4 " is 100. The unique code for 4 is → 00000100
numerical value " 5 " is 101. The unique code for 5 is → 00000101
numerical value " 6 " is 110. The unique code for 6 is → 00000110
numerical value " 7 " is 111. The unique code for 7 is → 00000111
numerical value " 8 " is 1000. The unique code for 8 is → 00001000
numerical value " 9 " is 1001. The unique code for 9 is → 00001001

Alphabet (A,...Z):

The unique code for " A " is → 01000001
The unique code for " B " is → 01000010
The unique code for " C " is → 01000011
The unique code for " D " is → 01000100
The unique code for " E " is → 01000101
The unique code for " F " is → 01000110
The unique code for " G " is → 01000111
The unique code for " H " is → 01001000
The unique code for " I " is → 01001001
The unique code for " J " is → 01001010
The unique code for " K " is → 01001011
The unique code for " L " is → 01001100
The unique code for " M " is → 01001101
The unique code for " N " is → 01001110
The unique code for " O " is → 01001111
The unique code for " P " is → 01010000
The unique code for " Q " is → 01010001
The unique code for " R " is → 01010010
The unique code for " S " is → 01010011
The unique code for " T " is → 01010100
The unique code for " U " is → 01010101
The unique code for " V " is → 01010110
The unique code for " W " is → 01010111
The unique code for " X " is → 01011000
The unique code for " Y " is → 01011001
The unique code for " Z " is → 01011010

for symbols ():

The unique code for " @ " is → 01000000
The unique code for " [ " is → 01011011
The unique code for " \ " is → 01011100
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Distinction between "Data" and "Information"

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