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Votic language is a Finnic language spoken only by few people in Russian Kingissepp district. However there are significant collections of folklore kept mainly in Russia, Finland and Estonia. Moreover Votic songs are still sung by some Estonians ^[1] and there are people trying to revitalize ^[2] North-Eastern dialects of Estonia, which have been interpreted as Estonian dialects of strong Votic influence or even completely independent Finnic dialects ^[3].

Current project will focus on grammatical analyse of all those dialects spoken both in Russia and Estonia.

Syllabus

References

↑ "Raud-Ants" in minority language song contest Liet-Lavlut
↑ Gerli Romanovitš Mes sa sedaviisi jöngudäd ku räägid, eks räägi ilusast!
↑ Tiit-Rein Viitsoo 2008. Liivi keel ja läänemeresoome keelemaastikud. Tartu Ülikooli eesti ja üldkeeleteaduse istituut & Eesti Keele Instituut, "Läänemeresoome murdeliigenduse põhijooned" p. 64-67.

Sources

Adler, Elna ja Leppik, Merle: Vadja keele sõnaraamat. Tallinn: Signalet, 1990, 1994; Tallinn: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Eesti Keele Instituut, 1996, 2000.
Ariste, Paul: Vadja keele grammatika. Tartu, 1948.
Ariste, Paul: Vadjalaste laule. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 3. Tallinn, 1960.
Ariste, Paul: Vadja muinasjutte. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 4. Tallinn, 1962.
Ariste, Paul: Vadja rahvakalender. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 8. Tallinn: Valgus, 1969.
Ariste, Paul: Vadjalane kätkist kalmuni. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 10. Tallinn: Valgus, 1974.
Ariste, Paul: Vadja mõistatusi. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 13. Tallinn: Valgus, 1979.
Ariste, Paul: Vadja rahvalaulud ja nende keel. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 22. Tallinn: Valgus 1986.
Laanest, Arvo: Sissejuhatus läänemeresoome keeltesse, Tallinn 1975.
Mälk, Vaina: Vadja vanasõnad. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1976.
Tsvetkov, Dmitri: Vadja keele grammatika. Tallinn, 2008. (in Russian with Estonian translation)
Viitso, Tiit-Rein: Vadja keele Luutsa-Liivtšülä murraku fonoloogia. Emakeele Seltsi aastaraamat VII. Tallinn, 1961.

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 {{Template:contrib-creator|[[User:Mikk|Mikk]]}}
+[[w:Votic|Votic language]] is a Finnic language spoken only by few people in Russian Kingissepp district. However there are significant collections of folklore kept mainly in Russia, Finland and Estonia. Moreover Votic songs are still sung by some Estonians  <ref> [http://www.estemb.se/events/aid-691 "Raud-Ants" in minority language song contest Liet-Lavlut] </ref> and there are people trying to revitalize <ref> [http://www.pohjarannik.ee/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=3415 Gerli Romanovitš ''Mes sa sedaviisi jöngudäd ku räägid, eks räägi ilusast!''] </ref> North-Eastern dialects of Estonia, which have been interpreted as Estonian dialects of strong Votic influence or even completely independent Finnic dialects <ref> Tiit-Rein Viitsoo 2008. Liivi keel ja läänemeresoome keelemaastikud. Tartu Ülikooli eesti ja üldkeeleteaduse istituut & Eesti Keele Instituut, "Läänemeresoome murdeliigenduse põhijooned" p. 64-67. </ref>.
-Consonant stems occur in limited declensions and conjugations.
-Their stem-vowel (originally ''e'') was omitted in front of certain morphemes only.
-Those morphemes started with ''k, n'' or ''t''.
-The stem-consonant was ''h, *k (> h), l, n, r, s'' or ''t''.
-''m'' was replaced with ''n'', when stem-vowel was dropped e.g. ''лume̮-лta'' ('from the snow') vs. ''лun-ta'' ('(Take the) snow'). <ref>
-Laanest, Arvo: Sissejuhatus läänemeresoome keeltesse, Tallinn 1975. p.90
-</ref>
+Current project will focus on grammatical analyse of all those dialects spoken both in Russia and Estonia.
-= Conjugations =
-Following [[ w: Conjugation | conjugation types]] have consonant stems <ref> Ariste, Paul Vadja keele grammatika. Tartu, 1948. p. 104 </ref>:
-* [[ Votian -e Conjugation | VIII Conjugation: -e stems ]] e.g. imperative plural ''jute̮л-kā'' vs. singular ''peze-G''  ('Wash!').
-* [[ Votian -t Conjugation | IX Conjugation: -t stems ]] e.g. imperative plural ''vassat-kā'' vs. singular ''vassā-G''  ('Answer!').
-* [[ Votian -ne Conjugation | X Conjugation: -ne stems ]] e.g. imperative plural ''e̮hse̮t-kā'' vs. singular '' e̮hse̮ne̮-G''  ('Spew! Vomit!').
-== Morphemes ==
+== Syllabus ==
+*[[Introduction to Votian dialects]]
-Following [[ w: Morpheme | morphemes]] take a consonant stem where available:
-* [[ Votian Imperative | Imperative]]
+**[[Votian dialects|Dialects]]
+**[[Votian phonology|Phonology]]
-** Plural
+*[[Votian Verb|Verb]]
-*** [[ Votian Imperative | 1. person]] e.g. ''*jute̮л-kamma'' ('Let us say!' This reconstruction bases on Alutaguse runic songs only.).
+**[[Votian Imperative|Imperative]]
-*** [[ Votian_2._person_imperative | 2. person]] e.g. ''jute̮л-kā'' ('Say!').
-*** [[ Votian Imperative | 3. person]] e.g. ''jute̮л-kō''.
+***[[Votian 2. person imperative|2. person]]
+****[[Introduction to Votian morphophonology]]
-** Singular
-*** [[ Votian Imperative | 3. person]] e.g. ''jute̮л-kō''.<!--
+***[[Votian 3. person imperative|3. person]]
+***[[Votian 3. person imperative|1. person]]
-* [[ Votian Potential | Potential]] e.g. ''*jute̮л-лe̮n'' < ''*jute̮л-nen''.
+***[[Votian Prohibition|Prohibition]]
--->
+***[[Votian indefinite imperative|Indefinite voice]]
-* [[ Votian Participles | Past Participles]] e.g. ''jute̮л-лu'' < ''*jute̮л-nut''.
+**[[Votian Indicative|Indicative]]
-* [[ Votian indefinite voice | Indefinite voice]] e.g. ''jute̮л-tī''.
+***[[Votian present tense|Present tense]]
-* [[ Votian Infinitives | ''t'' Infinitives]] e.g. ''jute̮л-лa'' < ''*jute̮л-tak''.
+****[[Votian present tense negation|Negation]]
+****[[Votian present tense indefinite voice|Indefinite voice]]
+****[[Answering Votian commands|Answering commands]]
+***[[Votian imperfect tense|Imperfect tense]]
+****[[Votian imperfect tense negation|Negation]]
+****[[Votian imperfect tense indefinite voice|Indefinite voice]]
+***[[Votian perfect tense|Perfect tense]]
+***[[Votian pluperfect tense|Pluperfect tense]]
+**[[Votian Conditional|Conditional]]
+**[[Votian Potential|Potential]]
+**[[Votian Optative|Optative]]
+**[[Votian Eventive|Eventive]]
+*[[Votian Interrogatives|Interrogatives (questions)]]
+**[[Answering Votian questions|Answering questions]]
+*[[Votian Nouns|Nouns]]
+**[[Votian Cases|Cases]]
+***[[Votian nominative plural|Nominative plural]]
+***[[Votian external locative cases|External locative cases]]
+****[[Votian Plural Cases|Plural]]
+***[[Votian internal locative cases|Internal locative cases]]
+****[[Votian Illative|Illative]]
+***[[Votian Essive|Essive]]
+***[[Votian Exessive|Exessive]]
+***[[Votian Translative|Translative]]
+***[[Votian Abessive|Abessive]]
+***[[Votian Komitative|Komitative]]
+***[[Votian main cases|Main cases]]
+****[[Votian Genitive|Genitive]]
+****[[Votian Instructive|Instructive]]
+****[[Votian Partitive|Partitive]]
+*[[Votian postpositions and prepositions|Postpositions and prepositions]]
+*[[Votian Pronouns|Pronouns]]
+**[[Votian interrogative pronouns|Interrogative pronouns]]
+**[[Votian indefinite pronouns|Indefinite pronouns]]
+**[[Votian demonstrative pronouns|Demonstrative pronouns]]
+**[[Votian personal pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
+**[[Votian reflexive pronouns|Reflexive pronouns]]
+**[[Votian reciprocal pronouns|Reciprocal pronouns]]
+***[[Votian compound sentences|Compound sentences]]
+*[[Votian Comparison|Comparison]]
+**[[Comparison of Votian Adjectives|Comparison of Adjectives]]
+**[[Comparison of Votian Adverbs|Comparison of Adverbs]]
+*[[Votian Numerals|Numerals]]
+**[[Votian cardinal numbers|Cardinal numbers]]
+***[[Votian numeral phrases|Numeral phrases]]
+***[[Votian compound numerals|Compound numerals]]
+**[[Votian ordinal numbers|Ordinal numbers]]
+*[[Votian Morphophonology|Morphophonology]]
+**[[Votian vowel harmony|Vowel harmony]]
+**[[Votian consonant stem|Consonant stem]]
+**[[Votian consonant gradation|Consonant gradation]]
+***[[Votian_consonant_gradation|In stems]]
+***[[Votian_consonant_gradation|In suffixes]]
+*[[Votian infinitive verbal forms|Infinitive verbal forms]]
+**[[Votian Participles|Participles]]
+**[[Votian Infinitives|Infinitives]]
+*[[Votian Syntax|Syntax]]
+*[[Votian Vocabulary|Vocabulary]]
-= Declensions =
+== References ==
+{{reflist}}
-Following [[ w: Declension | declension types]] have consonant stems <ref> Ariste, Paul Vadja keele grammatika. Tartu, 1948. p. 53 </ref>:
-* [[ Votian -e Declension | X Declension: -e stems ]] e.g. [[Votian plural nominative|plural nominative]] ''tuлe̮-D'' vs. singular [[Votian Partitive|partitive]] ''tuл-ta'' ('fire').
-* [[ Votian -ks Declension | XI Declension: -ks stems ]] e.g. [[Votian plural nominative|plural nominative]] ''vare̮hse-̮D'' vs. singular [[Votian Partitive|partitive]] ''vare̮s-sa'' ('crow') < ''*vare̮s-ta''.
-* [[ Votian -nen Declension | XII Declension: -nen stems ]] e.g. [[Votian plural nominative|plural nominative]] ''naize-̮D'' vs. singular [[Votian Partitive|partitive]] ''nais-sa'' ('wife') < ''*nais-ta''.
-* [[ Votian -m & -n Declension | XIII Declension: -n stems ]] e.g. [[Votian plural nominative|plural nominative]] ''sēmene-D'' vs. singular [[Votian Partitive|partitive]] ''sēmē-tä'' ('seed') < ''*sēmen-ta''.
-* [[ Votian -m & -n Declension | XIII Declension: -m stems ]] e.g. [[Votian plural nominative|plural nominative]] ''ve̮ttime̮-D'' vs. singular [[Votian Partitive|partitive]] ''ve̮tī-ta'' ('key') < ''*ve̮tin-ta''.
-* [[ Votian -s, -k & -h Declension | XIV Declension: -s stems ]] e.g. [[Votian plural nominative|plural nominative]] ''ampā-D'' vs. singular [[Votian Partitive|partitive]] ''ammas-sa'' ('tooth') < ''*ammas-ta''.
-* [[ Votian -s, -k & -h Declension | XIV Declension: -k stems ]] e.g. [[Votian plural nominative|plural nominative]] ''sitē̮-D'' vs. singular [[Votian Partitive|partitive]] ''sie̮t-ta'' ('tie') < ''*sie̮k-ta''.
-<!-- * [[ Votian -s, -k & -h Declension | XIV Declension: -h stems ]] e.g. [[Votian plural nominative|plural nominative]] ''ampā-D'' vs. singular [[Votian Partitive|partitive]] ''ammas-sa'' ('tooth') < ''*ammas-ta''.-->
-* [[ Votian -t Declension | XV Declension: -t stems ]] e.g. [[Votian plural nominative|plural nominative]] ''lühǖ-D'' vs. singular [[Votian Partitive|partitive]] ''lühüt-tä'' ('short').
-== Morphemes ==
+==Sources==
+* [[w:Elna Adler|Adler, Elna]] ja [[w:Merle Leppik|Leppik, Merle]]: Vadja keele sõnaraamat. Tallinn: Signalet, 1990, 1994; Tallinn: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Eesti Keele Instituut, 1996, 2000.
-Following [[ w: Morpheme | morphemes]] take a consonant stem where available:
+* [[w:Paul Ariste|Ariste, Paul]]: Vadja keele grammatika. Tartu, 1948.
-* Singular [[Votian Partitive|partitive]] e.g. ''tuл-ta'' ('fire').
+* Ariste, Paul: Vadjalaste laule. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 3. Tallinn, 1960.
-(in certain dialects also:)
+* Ariste, Paul: Vadja muinasjutte. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 4. Tallinn, 1962.
-* Singular [[Votian Essive|essive]] e.g. ''tševän-nä'' ('in spring') < ''*kevät-na''.
+* Ariste, Paul: Vadja rahvakalender. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 8. Tallinn: Valgus, 1969.
-* Plural [[Votian Genitive|genitive]] e.g. ''ammas-te'' ('of teeth') in late Alutaguse and Vaiga dialects of Estonia influenced by [[ w: Mid Estonian dialect | Mid Estonian dialect]].
+* Ariste, Paul: Vadjalane kätkist kalmuni. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 10. Tallinn: Valgus, 1974.
+* Ariste, Paul: Vadja mõistatusi. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 13. Tallinn: Valgus, 1979.
+* Ariste, Paul: Vadja rahvalaulud ja nende keel. Emakeele Seltsi toimetised 22. Tallinn: Valgus 1986.
+* Laanest, Arvo: Sissejuhatus läänemeresoome keeltesse, Tallinn 1975.
+* Mälk, Vaina: Vadja vanasõnad. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1976.
+* Tsvetkov, Dmitri: Vadja keele grammatika. Tallinn, 2008. (in Russian with Estonian translation)
+* [[w:Tiit-Rein Viitso|Viitso, Tiit-Rein]]: Vadja keele Luutsa-Liivtšülä murraku fonoloogia. Emakeele Seltsi aastaraamat VII. Tallinn, 1961.
+==Further reading==
-= References =
+<!-- {{Incubator|code=vot}} -->
-{{reflist}}
+* Агранат Т. Западный диалект водского языка.&nbsp;— М.; Гронинген, 2007.&nbsp;— (В печати).
+* Ahlqvist A. Wotisk grammatik jemte språkprof och ordförteckning.&nbsp;— Helsinki, 1856.
+* Ariste, Paul: Wotische Sprachproben. Eesti Keele Arhiivi Toimetised 4. Tartu, 1935.
+* {{cite book|last=Ariste |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul Ariste |year=1968 |title=A Grammar of the Votic Language |location=[[Bloomington, Indiana|Bloomington]] |publisher=[[Indiana University Press|Indiana University]] |isbn=978-0877-50024-7}}
+* Ariste, Paul: Vadja keele lugemik eesti filoloogia üliõpilastele. Tartu, 1980.
+* [[w:Lauri Kettunen|Kettunen, Lauri]]: Vatjan kielen äännehistoria. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran Toimituksia 185. Helsinki, 1930.
+* Kettunen, Lauri: Vatjan kielen Mahun murteen sanasto. Castrenianumin toimitteita 27. Helsinki, 1986.
+* Kettunen, Lauri ja Lauri Posti: Näytteitä vatjan kielestä. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 63. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1932.
+* [[w:Johanna Laakso|Laakso, Johanna]]: Vatjan käänteissanasto. Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskuksen julkaisuja 49. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1989.
+* [[w:Petri Lauerma|Lauerma, Petri]]: Vatjan vokaalisointu. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1993. (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 214) ISBN 951-9403-57-4.
+* Posti, Lauri: Vatjan kielen Kukkosin murteen sanakirja. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1980 (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae XIX).
+* Ленсу Я.&nbsp;Я. Материалы по говорам води&nbsp;// Западно-финский сборник.&nbsp;— Л., 1930.
+* Mustonen O.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;F. Muistoonpanoja Vatjan kielestä&nbsp;// Virittäjä, 1883.
+* [[w:Väinö Salminen|Salminen, Väinö]]: Runonäytteitä Vatjan kielestä. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1928.
+* [[w:Dmitri Tsvetkov|Tsvetkov, Dmitri]]: Vatjan kielen Joenperän murteen sanasto. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1995 (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae XXV).
+* Видеман Ф.&nbsp;И. О происхождении и языке вымерших ныне кревинов.&nbsp;— СПб., 1872.
+About Finnic dialects in General:
+* Laanest, Arvo 1982: Einführung in die ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Hamburg. [First Estonian edition: Sissejuhatus läänemeresoome keeltesse, Tallinn 1975.]
+* Õispuu, Jaan (toim.), Joalaid, Marje (koost.) 1998: Kaheksa keelt, kaheksa rahvast.Tallinna pedagoogikaülikool.
+* Abondolo, Daniel (toim.) 1998: The Uralic languages. London.
+* Kettunen, Lauri 1960: Suomen lähisukukielten luonteenomaiset piirteet. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 119. Helsinki. (Historical phonology)
+* Grünthal, Riho 1997: Livvistä liiviin. Itämerensuomalaiset etnonyymit. (English summary: The Finnic ethnonyms.) Castrenianumin toimitteita 51. Helsinki.
+* Jokipii, Mauno (toim.) 1995: Itämerensuomalaiset - heimokansojen historiaa ja kohtaloita. Jyväskylä.
+Samples:
+* Virtaranta, Pertti 1967: Lähisukukielten lukemisto. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran Toimituksia 280. Helsinki.
+* Virtaranta, Pertti & Suhonen, Seppo 1978: Lähisukukielet. Näytteitä uralilaisista kielistä III. Suomi 119: 3. Helsinki. [With an audio tape.]
+==See also==
+* [[w:Votic|Votic language]]
+* [http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206  UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.] (Select « Country or area » : Russian Federation and then Vote in list.)
+* [http://dbgw.finlit.fi/skvr/ Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot] IV division (in 3 volumes) 1925 -1928: Keski-Inkeri (Keski-Inkeri t, Länsi-Inkeri u (vatjalaiset)) You must search by area (Finnish: Perinnealue) "Länsi-Inkeri" and parish (Finnish: Pitäjä) e.g. "Kattila" to find Votian runic songs from that database. I recommend to order them by date: "Järjestä tulokset [ajan] mukaan".
+* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=vot Ethnologue report on Votic]
+* [http://www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/Russia/Votian/Votian1.html Votian] at ''Indigenous Minority Languages of Russia''
+* [http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/3259/index.html Virtual Votia]
+* [http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/votes.shtml The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]
+* {{cite web|author=V. Černiavskij |url=http://vod.org.ua/samou.pdf |title=Vaďďa tšeeli&nbsp;(Izeõpõttaja) / Водский язык&nbsp;(Самоучитель) ("Votic Self-Taught Book") |format=PDF |language=Russian |accessdate=2009-04-17}}
+* [http://www.vadjamaa.narod.ru/language/language.html Vađđamaa]
+* [http://elf.org.ru/index.php?i=lang&lng=vodsk&l=1 Уроки водского языка в интернете]
+* [http://in-yaz-book.narod.ru/vod.html В. Чернявский. Самоучитель водского языка]
 {{wikipedia}}

Votian: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 07:02, 2 September 2009

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Votian: Difference between revisions

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