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A computer network (or data network) is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data.^[1]

This lesson introduces network fundamentals and helps learners prepare for the IC³ Living Online certification exam.

Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the network fundamentals portion of IC³ certification include:

Objectives^[2]

Identify network fundamentals and the benefits and risks of network computing

Skills^[3]

Internet Connection: Speed, wired, wireless, security, network types and features, capabilities, publicly switched networks, DNS, addressing, LAN vs. WAN, VPN
Network troubleshooting: Solve simple scenarios, identify common problems, define IP addressing

Readings

Wikipedia: Computer network
Wikipedia: Domain Name System
Wikipedia: IP address
Solve simple scenarios in Network troubleshooting: http://windowsitpro.com/networking/network-troubleshooting-basics
Identify common problems in Network troubleshooting: http://docs.cray.com/books/S-2341-23/html-S-2341-23/fixedhftxagzi21.html
IP addressing: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb726995.aspx

Multimedia

Activities

Complete the tutorial Connecting to the Internet. Compare costs and speed of dial-up networking, cable, DSL, wireless, and satellite Internet providers in your area.
Review How to configure a connection to a virtual private network (VPN) in Windows XP. Configure your computer to connect to a private network, or configure your computer to host a private network connection.

Lesson Summary

Key Terms

Access point, wireless (WAP) is a networking hardware device that allows a Wi-Fi compliant device to connect to a wired network^[4].
dial-up internet access is a form of Internet access that uses the facilities of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to establish a connection to an Internet service provider (ISP) by dialing a telephone number on a conventional telephone line. The user's computer or router uses an attached modem to encode and decode information into and from audio frequency signals, respectively^[5].
Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities. Most prominently, it translates more readily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for locating and identifying computer services and devices with the underlying network protocols. By providing a worldwide, distributed directory service, the Domain Name System is an essential component of the functionality of the Internet, that has been in use since 1985^[6].
Digital subscriber line (DSL) is a family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data over telephone lines. In telecommunications marketing, the term DSL is widely understood to mean asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), the most commonly installed DSL technology, for Internet access^[7].
encryption The translation of data into a secret code. Encryption is the most effective way to achieve data security. To read an encrypted file, you must have access to a secret key or password that enables you to decrypt it. Unencrypted data is called plain text; encrypted data is referred to as cipher text^[8].
host (network) A network host is a computer or other device connected to a computer network. A network host may offer information resources, services, and applications to users or other nodes on the network. A network host is a network node that is assigned a network layer host address^[9].
Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web, electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing^[10].
Intranet is a private network accessible only to an organization's staff. Generally a wide range of information and services from the organization's internal IT systems are available that would not be available to the public from the Internet^[11].
Internet Protocol address (IP address) is an identifier assigned to each computer and other device (e.g., printer, router, mobile device, etc.) connected to a TCP/IP network^[1] that is used to locate and identify the node in communications with other nodes on the network. Each ISP or private network administrator assigns an IP address to each device connected to its network. Such assignments may be on a static (fixed or permanent) or dynamic basis, depending on its software and practices^[12].
ISP, Internet Service Provider, is a company that provides Internet services, including personal and business access to the Internet^[13].
Internet privacy involves the right or mandate of personal privacy concerning the storing, repurposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to oneself via of the Internet. Internet privacy is a subset of data privacy. Privacy concerns have been articulated from the beginnings of large scale computer sharing^[14].
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) are a combination of role-playing video games and massively multiplayer online games in which a very large number of players interact with one another within a virtual world. As in all RPGs, the player assumes the role of a character (often in a fantasy world or science-fiction world) and takes control over many of that character's actions. MMORPGs are distinguished from single-player or small multi-player online RPGs by the number of players able to interact together, and by the game's persistent world (usually hosted by the game's publisher), which continues to exist and evolve while the player is offline and away from the game. MMORPGs are played throughout the world^[15].
network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter or physical network interface) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network^[16].
networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data^[17].
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet)^[18].

References

[1] Wikipedia: Computer network

[2] IC³ GS4 Living Online

[3] IC³ GS4 Living Online Skills Measured

[4] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_point

[5] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-up_Internet_access

[6] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System

[7] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Subscriber_Line

[8] ttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/encryption.html

[9] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_%28network%29

[10] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

[11] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intranet

[12] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address

[13] www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/ISP.htm

[14] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_privacy

[15] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game

[16] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller

[17] ttps://www.lifewire.com/home-networking-fundamentals-4097193

[18] ttp://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/TCP-IP

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 * '''Internet''' is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web, electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet</ref>.
 * '''Intranet''' is a private network accessible only to an organization's staff. Generally a wide range of information and services from the organization's internal IT systems are available that would not be available to the public from the Internet<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intranet</ref>.
+* '''Internet Protocol address (IP address''') is an identifier assigned to each computer and other device (e.g., printer, router, mobile device, etc.) connected to a TCP/IP network<sup>[1]</sup> that is used to locate and identify the node in communications with other nodes on the network. Each ISP or private network administrator assigns an IP address to each device connected to its network. Such assignments may be on a ''static'' (fixed or permanent) or ''dynamic'' basis, depending on its software and practices<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address</ref>.
 * '''ISP, Internet Service Provider''', is a company that provides Internet services, including personal and business access to the Internet<ref>www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/ISP.htm</ref>.
+* '''Internet privacy''' involves the right or mandate of personal privacy concerning the storing, repurposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to <big>onesel</big>f via of the Internet. Internet privacy is a subset of data privacy. Privacy concerns have been articulated from the beginnings of large scale computer sharing<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_privacy</ref>.
+* '''Massively multiplayer online role-playing games''' ('''MMORPG''') are a combination of role-playing video games and massively multiplayer online games in which a very large number of players interact with one another within a virtual world. As in all RPGs, the player assumes the role of a character (often in a fantasy world or science-fiction world) and takes control over many of that character's actions. MMORPGs are distinguished from single-player or small multi-player online RPGs by the number of players able to interact together, and by the game's persistent world (usually hosted by the game's publisher), which continues to exist and evolve while the player is offline and away from the game. MMORPGs are played throughout the world<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game</ref>.
+* '''network interface controller ('''NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter or physical network interface) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller</ref>.
+* '''networking''' is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data<ref>https://www.lifewire.com/home-networking-fundamentals-4097193</ref>.
+* '''TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)''' is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet)<ref>http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/TCP-IP</ref>.
 *
-*
 == See Also ==
 * [[Introduction to Computers]]