Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Vasopressin and motivation

Vasopressin and motivation:
How does vasopressin influence motivation?

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Overview

When you first started to drink coffee, you only had at most two cups a day. Now you drink several, and although you feel good for the first cup in the morning, you are going to the toilet more than you want to admit. You feel very much on a treadmill now, lacking motivation and going through the motions, without feeling you are really connecting with people you engage with during the day. What is going on?

This book chapter attempts to explain the role of Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and the effect it has on motivation. From its role as a hormone regulating the urinary pathway , the physiological role (See Figure 1. ) is then further explored on the affect vasopressin has on motivation and emotion. Recent research has looked into the role of vasopressin in social behaviour, and key research and theories include:

Figure 1. Vasopressin pathway.

• The role vasopressin plays in pair bonding between partners during sexual activity (DiBenedictos et al., 2020)
• How vasopressin affects motivation differently depending on the sex of the person.
• How vasopressin and oxytocin work together to affect mood and motivation (Bredwold & Veenema, 2018)

Case study: David David drinks a lot of coffee which started when he was working early morning shifts as a barista and studying health science fulltime at University. David's caffeine intake has gradually increased over the years when he first started working at the coffee shop and he now has in excess of 20 cups a day. David has also been feeling sluggish lately during the end of the day and has been thinking about the recent article he read about vasopressin with studies in how it affects people socially. David also knows from his studies that the secretion of Vasopressin is affected by caffeine. David is now thinking about how or if he can quit coffee...

Focus questions: What is vasopressin ? What is the physiological pathway of vasopressin ? How does vasopressin affect motivation ?

What is Vasopressin ?

• Vasopressin is a hormone that regulates the urinary pathway ....
• Vasopressin molecular structure...
• Vasopressin change over time...

What is the physiological pathway of vasopressin ?

Figure 2. Example of an image with a descriptive caption.

• Vasopressin hormone originates from....
• Vasopressin receptors located in (Stevenson & Caldwell, 2015).
• Vasopressin interacts with other hormones (Wersinger et al., 2004).
• Vasopressin and blood pressure

How does Vasopressin influence motivation ?

• Vasopressin affects the mood and motivation of sexes differently (Feng et al., 2015).
• Vasopressin has important role in the partnership bonding of sexes.
• Vasopressin and oxytocin work together (Febo & Ferris, 2014).

Scenarios

• Scenarios or case studies describe applied/real-world examples of concepts in action
• Case studies can be real or fictional
• A case study could be split into multiple boxes throughout a chapter (e.g., to illustrate different theories or stages)
• It is often helpful to present case studies using feature boxes.

Feature boxes

• Important content can be highlighted in a feature box. But don't overuse feature boxes, otherwise they lose their effect.
• Consider using feature boxes for:
  • Scenarios, case studies, or examples
  • Focus questions
  • Tips
  • Quiz questions
  • Take-home messages

quiz

Links

• When key words are introduced, use interwiki links to:
  • Wikipedia (e.g., Sigmund Freud wrote about (e.g., dreams) or
  • Related book chapters (e.g., writer's block)

Tables

• Use to organise and summarise information
• As with figures, tables should be captioned
• Refer to each table at least once in the main text (e.g., see Table 1)
• Example 3 x 3 tables which could be adapted

Table 1. Descriptive Caption Which Explains The Table and its Relevant to the Text - Johari Window Model

	Known to self	Not known to self
Known to others	Open area	Blind spot
Not known to others	Hidden area	Unknown

Quizzes

• Using one or two review questions per major section is usually better than a long quiz at the end
• Quiz conceptual understanding, rather than trivia
• Don't make quizzes too hard
• Different types of quiz questions are possible; see Quiz

Example simple quiz questions. Choose your answers and click "Submit":

1 Quizzes are an interactive learning feature:

	True
	False

2 Long quizzes are a good idea:

	True
	False

Conclusion

• The Conclusion is arguably the most important section
• Suggested word count: 150 to 330 words
• It should be possible for someone to only read the Overview and the Conclusion and still get a pretty good idea of the problem and what is known based on psychological science

Suggestions for this section: What is the answer to the sub-title question based on psychological theory and research? What are the answers to the focus questions? What are the practical, take-home messages? (Even for the topic development, have a go at the likely take-home message)

See also

Provide internal (wiki) links to the most relevant Wikiversity pages (esp. related motivation and emotion book chapters) and Wikipedia articles. Use these formats:

• Vasopressin (Wikipedia)
• Light triad (Book chapter, 2021)
• Collaborative authoring using wiki (Wikiversity)
• Self determination theory (Wikipedia)

Suggestions for this section: Present in alphabetical order Use sentence casing Include the source in parentheses

References

Bredewold, R., & Veenema, A. H. (2018). Sex differences in the regulation of social and anxiety-related behaviors: insights from vasopressin and oxytocin brain systems. Current opinion in neurobiology, 49, 132-140. https://doi.org/10/10.1016/j.conb.2018.02.011

DiBenedictis, B. T., Cheung, H. K., Nussbaum, E. R., & Veenema, A. H. (2020). Involvement of ventral pallidal vasopressin in the sex-specific regulation of sociosexual motivation in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 111, 104462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104462

Febo, M., & Ferris, C. F. (2014). Oxytocin and vasopressin modulation of the neural correlates of motivation and emotion: results from functional MRI studies in awake rats. Brain research, 1580, 8-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.019

Feng, C., Hackett, P.D., DeMarco, A.C. et al. Oxytocin and vasopressin effects on the neural response to social cooperation are modulated by sex in humans. Brain Imaging and Behavior 9, 754–764 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-014-9333-9

Stevenson, E. L., & Caldwell, H. K. (2012). The vasopressin 1b receptor and the neural regulation of social behavior. Hormones and behavior, 61(3), 277-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.11.009

Wersinger, S. R., Kelliher, K. R., Zufall, F., Lolait, S. J., O'Carroll, A. M., & Young III, W. S. (2004). Social motivation is reduced in vasopressin 1b receptor null mice despite normal performance in an olfactory discrimination task. Hormones and behavior, 46(5), 638-645. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.07.004

List cited references in APA style (7th ed.) or wiki style.

APA style example:

Rosenberg, B. D., & Siegel, J. T. (2018). A 50-year review of psychological reactance theory: Do not read this article. Motivation Science, 4(4), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000091

Suggestions for this section: Important aspects of APA style for references include: Wrap the set of references in the hanging indent template. Use "Edit source": {{Hanging indent|1= the full list of references}} Author surname, followed by a comma, then the author initials separated by full stops and spaces Year of publication in parentheses Title of work in lower case except first letter and proper names, ending in a full-stop Journal title in italics, volume number in italics, issue number in parentheses, first and last page numbers separated by an en-dash(–), followed by a full-stop Provide the full doi as a URL and working hyperlink The most common mistakes include: Incorrect capitalisation Incorrect italicisation Citing sources that weren't read or consulted

External links

Provide external links to highly relevant resources such as presentations, news articles, and professional sites. Use sentence casing. For example:

• Six top tips for writing a great essay (University of Melbourne)
• The importance of structure (skillsyouneed.com)

Suggestions for this section: Only select links to major external resources about the topic Present in alphabetical order Include the source in parentheses after the link