Literature/1977/Gibson

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Gibson, Jame J. (1977). "The Theory of Affordances," pp. 67-82. In: Robert Shaw & John Bransford, eds. Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing: Toward an Ecological Psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

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w: Affordance

• He defined affordances as all "action possibilities" latent in the environment, objectively measurable and independent of the individual's ability to recognize them, but always in relation to the actor and therefore dependent on their capabilities. For instance, a set of steps which rises four feet high does not afford the act of climbing if the actor is a crawling infant.
• In 1988, Donald Norman appropriated the term affordances in the context of human-machine interaction to refer to just those action possibilities that are readily perceivable by an actor.

w: Frame (artificial intelligence) w: Script theory w: Situated cognition w: Situated learning

w: Natural language understanding w: Conceptual metaphor w: Frame semantics (linguistics) w: Twin Earth thought experiment

Related works

• Gibson, Jame J. (1977). "The Theory of Affordances," pp. 67-82. In: Robert Shaw & John Bransford, eds. Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing: Toward an Ecological Psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. ^{[^]}
• Gibson, Jame J. (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ^{[^]}

See also

• Literature/1989/Brown ^{[^]}
• Literature/1988/Lave ^{[^]}
• Norman, Donald (1988). The Design of Everyday Things (Originally titled The Psychology of Everyday Things (POET)). ^{[^]}
• Literature/1983/Barwise ^{[^]}
• Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson (1980). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ^{[^]}
• Tomkins, Silvan (1978). "Script Theory: Differential Magnification of Affects." In: Richard A. Deinstbier. ed. Nebraska Symposium On Motivation 1978. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1979. pp. 201-236. ^{[^]}
• Literature/1977/Schank ^{[^]}
• Fillmore, Charles J. (1976). "Frame Semantics and the Nature of Language," in: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Conference on the Origin and Development of Language and Speech. Volume 280: 20-32. ^{[^]}
• Fodor, Jerry (1975). The Language of Thought. Harvard University Press. ^{[^]}
• Minsky, Marvin (1975). "A Framework for Representing Knowledge," in: Winston, Patrick, ed. (1975). The Psychology of Computer Vision. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 211-77. ^{[^]}
• Putnam, Hilary (1975). Mind, Language and Reality, Philosophical Papers Vol. 2, Cambridge University Press. ^{[^]}
• Schank, Roger C. (1975). "The Structure of Episodes in Memory," in: Literature/1975/Bobrow pp. 237-272. ^{[^]}