Evidence-based assessment/Instruments/Positive and Negative Symptom Scale
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Wikipedia has more about this subject: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale |
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is a medical scale used for measuring symptom severity of patients with schizophrenia. It is widely used in the study of antipsychotic therapy. The scale is the "gold standard" for evaluating the effects of psychopharmacological treatments.[1][2]
The name refers to the two types of symptoms in schizophrenia, as defined by the American Psychiatric Association (APA): positive symptoms, which refer to an excess or distortion of normal functions (e.g., hallucinations and delusions), and negative symptoms, which represent a diminution or loss of normal functions. Some of these functions which may be lost include normal thoughts, actions, ability to tell fantasies from reality, and the ability to properly express emotions.[3]
The PANSS is a relatively brief interview, requiring 45 to 50 minutes to administer.[4] The interviewer must be trained to a standardized level of reliability to conduct the assessment.[5]
Scoring and Interpretation
[edit | edit source]The patient is rated from 1 to 7 on 30 different symptoms based on the interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers.
The Positive Scale has 7 items with a minimum score of 7 and a maximum score of 49. This subscale assesses delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinations, excitement, grandiosity, suspiciousness/persecution, and hostility.
The Negative Scale has 7 items with a minimum score of 7 and a maximum score of 49. This subscale assesses blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, passive/apathetic social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation, and stereotyped thinking.
The General Psychopathology Scale has 16 items with minimum score of 16 and a maximum score of 112. This subscale assesses somatic concern, anxiety, guilt feelings, tension, mannerisms and posturing, depression, motor retardation, uncooperativeness, unusual thought content, disorientation, poor attention, lack of judgment and insight, disturbance of volition, poor impulse control, preoccupation, and active social avoidance.
The PANSS has a total minimum score of 30 and maximum score 120. 1 is given as the lowest score for each item.
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Liechti, Stacy; Capodilupo, Gianna; Opler, Douglas J.; Opler, Mark; Yang, Lawrence H. (2017-12-01). "A Developmental History of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)". Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience 14 (11–12): 12–17. ISSN 2158-8333. PMID 29410932. PMC 5788246. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5788246/.
- ↑ Opler, Mark G.A.; Yavorsky, Christian; Daniel, David G. (2017-12-01). "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Training". Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience 14 (11–12): 77–81. ISSN 2158-8333. PMID 29410941. PMC 5788255. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5788255/.
- ↑ "Mental Health and Schizophrenia". WebMD. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
- ↑ "The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.". Schizophr Bull 13 (2): 261–76. 1987. doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261. PMID 3616518.
- ↑ John Hunsley; Eric J. Mash (2008), A Guide to Assessments that Work, Oxford University Press US, ISBN 978-0-19-531064-1