Evidence-based assessment/Instruments/Child Mania Rating Scale
Squid Game 2 had 68 million viewers on its launch -- that is a lot of people who might benefit from resources organized by themes in each episode. Check out this resource built by a team supported in part by a WMF Rapid Grant after Season 1!
~ More at HGAPS.org ~
 |
Wikipedia has more about this subject: Child Mania Rating Scale |
The Child Mania Rating Scales (CMRS) are 21-item diagnostic screening measure designed to identify symptoms of mania in children and adolescents ages 9–17 using diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV[1] as reported by parents and teachers. The measure interviews the child's mood and behavior symptoms, asking parents and teachers to rate how often the symptoms have caused a problem for the child in the past month. Clinical studies have found the CMRS-P to be reliable and valid in the assessment of children's bipolar symptoms.[1][2] The CMRS has also been found to be useful in differentiating cases of pediatric bipolar disorder from ADHD or no disorder, as well as delineating bipolar subtypes.[3] A meta-analysis comparing the different rating scales available found that the CMRS was one of the three best performing scales in terms of telling cases with bipolar disorder apart from other clinical diagnoses.[4]
Scoring and interpretation
[edit | edit source]For each item, parents or teachers rate the frequency with which a given mood or behavior has caused a problem for their child in the past month using a Likert-type scale.[1] Each response is assigned a point value for scoring purposes.
"Never/rarely:" 0 points
"Sometimes:" 1 point
"Often:" 2 points
"Very often:" 3 points
Points are summed to yield a total score. If the total score is 20 or higher, it is recommended that the child or adolescent receive an evaluation from a trained mental health professional.[2] It should not be used to make a diagnosis of mania or hypomania without consulting a clinician.
| Item # | Variable | Item Content | DSM-5 Criterion (Criterion letter) | 10 item SF | Factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cmrsp01 | Have periods of feeling super happy for hours or days at a time, extremely wound up and excited, such as feeling "on top of the world" | Elevated mood (A) | Y (#1) | Mania |
| 2 | cmrsp02 | Feel irritable, cranky, or mad for hours or days at a time | Irritable mood (A) | Y (#2) | Irritatibility |
| 3 | cmrsp03 | Think that he or she can be anything or do anything (e.g., leader, best basket ball player, rap singer, millionaire, princess) beyond what is usual for that age | Grandiosity (B1) | N | Mania |
| 4 | cmrsp04 | Believe that he or she has unrealistic abilities or powers that are unusual, and may try to act upon them, which causes trouble | Delusional grandiosity (B1) | Y (#3) | Mania |
| 5 | cmrsp05 | Need less sleep than usual; yet does not feel tired the next day | Decreased need for sleep (B2) | Y (#4) | Mania |
| 6 | cmrsp06 | Have periods of too much energy | Increased energy (A) | N | ADHD |
| 7 | cmrsp07 | Have periods when she or he talks too much or too loud or talks a mile-a-minute | Rapid or pressured speech (B3) | N | ADHD |
| 8 | cmrsp08 | Have periods of racing thoughts that his or her mind cannot slow down, and it seems that your child's mouth cannot keep up with his or her mind | Racing thoughts (B4) | Y (#5) | ADHD |
| 9 | cmrsp09 | Talk so fast that he or she jumps from topic to topic | Flight of ideas (B4) | Y (#6) | ADHD |
| 10 | cmrsp10 | Rush around doing things nonstop | Psychomotor agitation (A,B6) | N | ADHD |
| 11 | cmrsp11 | Have trouble staying on track and is easily drawn to what is happening around him or her | Distractibility (B5) | N | ADHD |
| 12 | cmrsp12 | Do many more things than usual, or is unusually productive or highly creative | Increase in goal-directed activity (A,B6) | Y (#7) | Mania |
| 13 | cmrsp13 | Behave in a sexually inappropriate way (e.g., talks dirty, exposing, playing with private parts, masturbating, making sex phone calls, humping on dogs, playing sex games, touches others sexually) | Increase in sexual activity (A,B6) | Y (#8) | Mania |
| 14 | cmrsp14 | Go and talk to strangers inappropriately, is more socially outgoing than usual | Increased sociability (A,B6) | N | Mania |
| 15 | cmrsp15 | Do things that are unusual for him or her that are foolish or risky (e.g., jumping off heights, ordering CDs with your credit cards, giving things away) | Increased involvement in high-risk activity (B7) | N | Mania |
| 16 | cmrsp16 | Have rage attacks, intense and prolonged temper tantrums | Irritable mood (A) | Y (#9) | Irritatibility |
| 17 | cmrsp17 | Crack jokes or pun more than usual, laugh loud, or act silly in a way that is out of the ordinary | Elevated mood (A) | N | Mania |
| 18 | cmrsp18 | Experience rapid mood swings | Mood lability (A) | N | Irritatibility |
| 19 | cmrsp19 | Have any suspicious or strange thoughts | Delusions / Psychosis / Paranoia | N | Psychosis |
| 20 | cmrsp20 | Hear voices that nobody else can hear | Auditory hallucinations / Psychosis | Y (#10) | Psychosis |
| 21 | cmrsp21 | See things that nobody else can see | Visual hallucinations / Psychosis | N | Psychosis |
Evidence Based
[edit | edit source]Peer Reviewed Research
[edit | edit source]The first paper published on the CMRS was in 2006, and research has appeared intermittently since then. The CMRS consistently has excellent evidence of reliability. It has showed excellent evidence of discriminative validity in a meta-analysis looking at performance with children and teenagers.[5] Several studies have shown evidence of treatment sensitivity as well.[6][7][8]
PubMed Search: Click here for a current search on Pub Med. This is a free database that covers medicine, so some articles published in psychology journals might be missing. The entries will usually include abstracts, and sometimes will include a version of full text (especially if the project was grant funded). This search is designed to be highly specific (i.e., not including lots of irrelevant articles), but it might miss some articles.
Links
[edit | edit source]- EffectiveChildTherapy.Org information on Bipolar Disorder
- Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
Screeners
[edit | edit source]Downloads
[edit | edit source]- "Child Mania Rating Scale" (PDF). Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. Retrieved 14 September 2015. (21 item English version for parents to complete.)
- CMRS
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pavuluri, MN; Henry, DB; Devineni, B; Carbray, JA; Birmaher, B (May 2006). "Child mania rating scale: development, reliability, and validity.". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 45 (5): 550–60. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000205700.40700.50.PMID 16601399.
- ↑ West, AE; Celio, CI; Henry, DB; Pavuluri, MN (January 2011). "Child Mania Rating Scale-Parent Version: a valid measure of symptom change due to pharmacotherapy.". Journal of Affective Disorders. 128 (1-2): 112–9. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.013. PMID 20858565.
- ↑ Henry, DB; Pavuluri, MN; Youngstrom, E; Birmaher, B (2008). "Accuracy of Brief and Full Forms of the Child Mania Rating Scale" (PDF). Journal of Clinical Psychology. Retrieved 4 October2015.
- ↑ Youngstrom, Eric A.; Genzlinger, Jacquelynne E.; Egerton, Gregory A.; Van Meter, Anna R. (2015-11-16). "Multivariate meta-analysis of the discriminative validity of caregiver, youth, and teacher rating scales for pediatric bipolar disorder: Mother knows best about mania.". Archives of Scientific Psychology 3 (1): 112–137. doi:10.1037/arc0000024. ISSN 2169-3269. http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/arc0000024.
- ↑ Youngstrom, Eric A.; Genzlinger, Jacquelynne E.; Egerton, Gregory A.; Van Meter, Anna R. (2015-11-16). "Multivariate meta-analysis of the discriminative validity of caregiver, youth, and teacher rating scales for pediatric bipolar disorder: Mother knows best about mania.". Archives of Scientific Psychology 3 (1): 112–137. doi:10.1037/arc0000024. ISSN 2169-3269. http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/arc0000024.
- ↑ Kaplan, Bonnie J.; Hilbert, Paula; Tsatsko, Ekaterina (2015-12). "Micronutrient treatment for children with emotional and behavioral dysregulation: a case series". Journal of Medical Case Reports 9 (1). doi:10.1186/s13256-015-0735-0. ISSN 1752-1947. PMID 26511458. PMC PMC4625731. http://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-015-0735-0.
- ↑ West, Amy E.; Celio, Christine I.; Henry, David B.; Pavuluri, Mani N. (2011-1). "Child Mania Rating Scale-Parent Version: A valid measure of symptom change due to pharmacotherapy". Journal of Affective Disorders 128 (1-2): 112–119. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.013. PMID 20858565. PMC PMC2994944. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016503271000426X.
- ↑ Tramontina, Silzá; Zeni, Cristian P.; Ketzer, Carla R.; Pheula, Gabriel F.; Narvaez, Joana; Rohde, Luis Augusto (2009-05-15). "Aripiprazole in Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder Comorbid With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 70 (5): 756–764. doi:10.4088/JCP.08m04726. ISSN 0160-6689. http://www.psychiatrist.com/abstracts/abstracts.asp?abstract=200905/050914.htm.