Writing/Semicolon character

The semicolon (;) is a versatile punctuation mark that is often used to connect closely related independent clauses and to separate items in a series when those items already contain commas. Here are the primary rules for using the semicolon in American English writing:

1. Between Independent Clauses:
   • Use a semicolon to connect two closely related independent clauses (complete sentences) that are not joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet).
     • Example: She finished her work; then she went for a walk.
2. Before Transitional Expressions:
   • Use a semicolon before certain transitional expressions (however, therefore, nevertheless, etc.) that connect two independent clauses.
     • Example: The weather was terrible; nevertheless, we decided to go camping.
3. In Lists with Commas:
   • Use semicolons to separate items in a list when those items contain commas. This helps to avoid confusion.
     • Example: The conference included experts from New York, New York; Los Angeles, California; and Chicago, Illinois.
4. To Clarify Lists:
   • Use semicolons to clarify a complex list or when the list items are lengthy or contain internal punctuation.
     • Example: The ingredients for the recipe included eggs, beaten well; flour, sifted; and sugar, measured precisely.
5. In Sentence Combinations:
   • Use a semicolon to separate elements in a sentence when there is a comma within one or more of the elements.
     • Example: After the meeting, we'll go out for dinner; however, we need to make a reservation first.
6. Before "However," "Therefore," "Moreover," etc.:
   • Use a semicolon before these adverbs when they are used to connect two independent clauses.
     • Example: She didn't study for the exam; however, she still managed to get an A.

It's important to note that the semicolon is often used to create a stronger connection between independent clauses than a period would, emphasizing the relationship between the ideas. However, it should be used judiciously to avoid overuse and maintain readability.

Remember that proper punctuation contributes to clarity and effective communication in writing. Always proofread your work to ensure that your use of semicolons aligns with these guidelines and enhances the overall quality of your writing.