Votian/Nouns and Their Derivation

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Nouns and their derivation

Derivational suffixes

adjective-to-noun

• * -ut
  • It is declined like the XV Declension: -t stems .
  • Pronunciation varies ( -uz , -üz ) according to vowel harmony e.g. лad́d́uz ("width " < лad́d́a "wide"), лaiskuz ("lazyness " < лaiska "lazy"), iлozuz ("beauty" < iлoza "pretty"), terveüz ("health " < terve "healthy"), nōruz (" youth " < nōri "young"), nōre̮puz (" being younger " < nōre̮pi "younger"), pēnüz ("being small " < pēni "small").
    • Should not be confused with * -u-ks .

verb-to-noun & noun-to-noun

• * -ks
  • It is declined like the XI Declension: -ks stems .
  • Pronunciation is ( -z ) in the end of a word e.g. jaлgaz ("runner (of a sleigh) " < jaлka "foot"), arjaz ("bristle " < arja "brush"), teräz ("steel" < terä "blade").
    • Compear with * -u-ks .

• * -u-ks
  • It is declined like the XI Declension: -ks stems .
  • Pronunciation varies ( -uz , -üz ) according to vowel harmony e.g. kagлuz ("collar " < kagлa "neck"), se̮rmuz (" ring " < se̮rmi "finger"), arvatuz (" riddle " < arvat-a "to guess"), pelehüz ("ghost " ~ peleht-ellä "to frighten").
  • The stem is usually in the weak grade if there is a such one available e.g. kannuz ("spur " < kanta "heel"), rinnuz ("horse-collar's strap" < rinta "chest"), jätüz ("remnant " < jättǟ "to remain").
    • Should not be confused with * -ut .

• * -(u-)m
  • It is declined like the XIII Declension: -m stems .
  • Any final -m went through a protofinnic sound change * m > n . The resulting final -n is usually pronounced as a prolongation of the preceding vowel e.g. ve̮tī : ve̮ttime̮D (" key : keys" < ve̮ttā "to take"), vȫtī : vȫttimeD (" ridge band : (plural)" < vȫttǟ "to gird"), viē̮  : vite̮me̮D (" scutching-blade: (plural)").
  • This suffix takes a vowel stem. Therefore the stem vary according to consonant gradation e.g. ve̮d́d́ē̮  : ve̮ite̮me̮D (" ointment : (plural)" < ve̮itā "to salve"), jaлgū : jaлkume̮D ("stirrup " < jaлka "foot").
    • Compear with * -ma .

See also

• Grammar of Votian dialects (syllabus)

References

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