Votian/Consonant Stem

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Type classification: this is a lesson resource.
Completion status: Deliberately incomplete for educational purposes.
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Consonant stems occur in limited declensions and conjugations. Their stem-vowel (originally e) was omitted in front of certain morphemes only. Those morphemes started with k, n or t. The stem-consonant was h, *k (> h), l, n, r, s or t.

m was later replaced with n, when stem-vowel was dropped e.g. лume̮-лta ('from the snow' ablative ) vs. лun-ta ('(Take some) snow' partitive ). [1]

Conjugations[edit | edit source]

Following conjugation types have consonant stems [2]:

Morphemes[edit | edit source]

Following morphemes take a consonant stem where available:

Declensions[edit | edit source]

Following declension types have consonant stems [3]:

Morphemes[edit | edit source]

Following morphemes take a consonant stem where available:

(in certain dialects also:)

  • Singular essive e.g. tševän-nä ('in spring') < *kevät-na.
  • Plural genitive e.g. ammas-te ('of teeth') in late Alutaguse and Vaiga dialects of Estonia influenced by Mid Estonian dialect.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. Laanest, Arvo: Sissejuhatus läänemeresoome keeltesse, Tallinn 1975. p.90
  2. Ariste, Paul Vadja keele grammatika. Tartu, 1948. p. 104
  3. Ariste, Paul Vadja keele grammatika. Tartu, 1948. p. 53
  4. E. Adler, M. Leppik: Vadja keele sõnaraamat. v. 1; p. 210

See also[edit | edit source]

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