Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Paradoxical interventions
Overview
[edit | edit source]What if I told you that the only way to overcome your fear was to directly face it? What if I told you the only way to take control of your “problematic” behavior or habits is to keep doing it? What if I told you that the only way to overcome your struggle, is to let yourself struggle?
These ideas are at the heart of Paradoxical Interventions (PI). PIs are a clinical technique used to encourage flexibility in clients’ thinking and promote behavioral change (Peluso & Freund, 2023). Bring up PIs to anyone who is remotely involved in the psychotherapy world, and they will likely claim this technique as just being “reverse psychology”, “unethical”, “manipulative”, “coercive”, and so on (Browning & Hull, 2021). However, these conceptions are derived from the early use of PIs, from misunderstandings of how PIs work, and from a lack of knowledge of when, and how to use them. That is to say that PIs are not without flaws and risks associated with them, but they are not without merit. The goal of this book chapter is to explain and discuss the concept of PIs in the context of psychotherapy and how they can facilitate psychological and motivational change. The discussion will be broken down as follows:
How can PIs facilitate psychological change?
1. What is PI and how does it work?
2. How can PIs be used effectively?
3. What are the issues/risks that come with PI?
What is paradoxical intervention and how does it work?
[edit | edit source]Intro paragraph
(Browning & Hull, 2021)
(Peluso & Freund, 2023)
(Hameiri, et al. 2018)
Subheading 1
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- Point 2
- Point 3
Subheading 2
[edit | edit source]- Point 1
- Point 2
- Point 3
How can paradoxical interventions be used effectively
[edit | edit source]Intro paragraph
(Gentelet & Widdowson, 2016)
(Hatoum, & Burton, 2024)
(Knab, et al. 2021)
Subheading 1
[edit | edit source]- Point 1
- Point 2
- Point 3
Subheading 2
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- Point 2
- Point 3
Issues and risks of paradoxical interventions
[edit | edit source]Intro paragraph
(Lanza, et al. 2018)
Subheading 1
[edit | edit source]- Point 1
- Point 2
- Point 3
Subheading 2
[edit | edit source]- Point 1
- Point 2
- Point 3
Learning features
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Conclusion
[edit | edit source]- The Conclusion is arguably the most important section
- Suggested word count: 150 to 330 words
- It should be possible for someone to only read the Overview and the Conclusion and still get a pretty good idea of the problem and what is known based on psychological science
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See also
[edit | edit source]Provide internal (wiki) links to the most relevant Wikiversity pages (esp. related motivation and emotion book chapters) and Wikipedia articles. Use these formats:
- Light triad (Book chapter, 2021)
- Collaborative authoring using wiki (Wikiversity)
- Self determination theory (Wikipedia)
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References
[edit | edit source]Browning, S., & Hull, R. (2021). Reframing paradox. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 52(4), 360-367. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000384
Gentelet, B., & Widdowson, M. (2016). Paradoxical alliances in transactional analysis psychotherapy for anxiety: A systematic adjudicated case study. Transactional Analysis Journal 26(3), 182-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0362153716650657
Hameiri, B., Nabet, E., Bar-Tal, D., & Halperin, E. (2018). Paradoxical thinking as a conflict-resolution intervention: Comparison to alternative interventions and examination of psychological mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(1), 122-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217736048
Hatoum, A.H., & Burton, A.L. (2024). Applications and efficacy of radically open dialectical behavior therapy (RO DBT): A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23735
Knab, N., Winter, K., & Steffens, M.C. (2021). Flexing the extremes: Increasing cognitive flexibility with paradoxical leading questions intervention. Social Cognition, 39(2), 225-242. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2021.39.2.225
Lanza, C., Christine, M., & Riepe, M. W. (2018). Positive mood on negative self-statements: Paradoxical intervention in geriatric patients with major depressive disorder. Aging & Mental Health, 22(6), 748-754. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1306834
Peluso, P. R., & Freund, R. (2023). Paradoxical interventions: A meta-analysis. Psychotherapy, 60(3), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000481
Resources
[edit | edit source]- Paradoxical intention: What is it and how and when to use it?
- Sad music and emotion: What is the effect of sad music on emotion? Section 5. The Tragedy Paradox
- Viktor Frankl's Method to Overcome Fear (Paradoxical Intention)
- Reality Therapy Role-Play - Paradoxical Intervention
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