Latonic/Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
[edit | edit source]A recapitulation on the personal pronouns and their translation
- Mego, me is "I"
- Iégo, ié is a slightly more formal/archaic variant for "I"
- Tú, te means "you" in the singular form. It may be emphasised as tuvi, which means "you there", or tuli which is more general, or simply tú
- Elui /ɛlɥɪ/, il means "he"
- Ella/elléa , la means "she"
- Le means "it" and has no emphasised form (instead the demonstrative pronoun "illu/illo" is used)
- Noste/nobi, no(s) is "we"
- Veste/vobi, vo(s) is "you" in the plural or extra-formal form
- Éi, i means "they (male)"
- Éie, lé means "they (female)"
- Li means "they (neuter/male)" and also copies it's emphasised form from the demonstrative pronoun "illa/-i"
- Sego, se is used for the reflective third person (himself, herself, themselves) and for the imppersonal second person (see "Anomalities of the Verb")
Personal Pronouns for the Subject and Direct Object
[edit | edit source]The pronouns as a subject are the ones discussed above. As a direct object, most of them copy the subject. The direct form is also used with prepositions that use the accusative (i.e. Il vene a mego)
| Subject | Emphasis | D.O. | Emphasis |
|---|---|---|---|
| me vido | mego vido | il me vide | il vide mego |
| ié vido | iégo vido | - | - |
| te vide | tú vide | il te vide | il vide tú |
| il vide | ellui vide | il le vide | il vide ellui |
| la vide | ella/elléa vide | il la vide | il vide ella/elléa |
| le vide | illu vide | il le vide | il vide illu |
| no vidémo | noste/nobi vidémo | il no vide | il vide noste |
| vo vidéi | veste/vobi vidéi | il vo vide | il vide veste |
| i vido' | éi vido' | il li vide | il vide éi |
| lé vido' | éie vido' | il lé vide | il vide éie |
| li vido' | illa vido' | il li vide | il vide illa |
| se vide | - | se se vide | - |
Personal Pronouns for the Indirect Object
[edit | edit source]The pronouns for the indirect object are a lot different from the ones used for the subject and the direct object. They are also used for prepositions which are normally with a dative (i.e. il sta a mibi)
| Subject | Emphasis | D.O. | Emphasis | I.O. | Emphasis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| me vido | mego vido | il me vide | il vide mego | il mibi da | il da (a) mibi |
| ié vido | iégo vido | - | - | - | - |
| te vide | tú vide | il te vide | il vide tú | il tibi da | il da (a) tibi |
| il vide | ellui vide | il le vide | il vide ellui | il luí da | il da (a) luí/luíbi |
| la vide | ella/elléa vide | il la vide | il vide ella/elléa | il lué da | il da (a) lué/luíbi |
| le vide | illu vide | il le vide | il vide illu | il luí da | il da illo |
| no vidémo | noste/nobi vidémo | il no vide | il vide noste | il nobi da | il da (a) nobi |
| vo vidéi | veste/vobi vidéi | il vo vide | il vide veste | il vobi da | il da (a) vobi |
| i vido' | éi vido' | il li vide | il vide éi | il éi da | il da (ad) éi |
| lé vido' | éie vido' | il lé vide | il vide éie | il éie da | il da (ad) éie |
| li vido' | illa vido' | il li vide | il vide illa | il éi da | il da illa |
| se vide | - | se se vide | se vene a sego | il sibi da | se sta a sibi |
Personal Pronouns for the Genitive and the Possessive Pronoun
[edit | edit source]When indicating possession or origin, these forms of the personal pronoun are used (míu/méu can be compared to mine). The same forms without an exit are used as possessive pronouns, their final vowel replaced by an -é if the following word is plural.
| Person | Poss. Sing. | Poss. Pl. | Gentive |
|---|---|---|---|
| le mibi fí un domu | l'es mi domu | li so' mé doma | le domu es míu**/méu** |
| le tibi fí un domu | l'es tu domu | li so' té doma | le domu es tuu** |
| le luí fí un domu | l'es su domu | li so' sé doma | le domu es suu** |
| le lué fí un domu | l'es su domu | li so' sé doma | le domu es suu** |
| le nobi fí un domu | l'es nos* domu | li so' nostra* doma | le domu es nostre*** |
| le vobi fí un domu | l'es ves* domu | li so' vestra* doma | le domu es vestre*** |
| l'éi fí un domu | l'es é domu | li so' é doma | le domu es éu** |
| l'éie fí un domu | l'es é domu | li so' é doma | le domu es éu** |
| le sibi fí un domu | l'es su domu | li so' sé doma | le domu es suu** |
*= Apply rules for 1st Class adjectives before the noun to nos, nostra and ves, vestra
**= Apply rules for 1st Class adjectives behind the noun to meo, -a, -u, tuo, -a, -u, etc.
***= Apply rules for 2nd Class adjectives behind the noun to noster, -tri, -tre and vester, -tri, tre