Latonic/Adjectives
Different kinds of adjectives
[edit | edit source]Adjectives conjugate similarly to nouns, therefore good knowledge of the nouns ir reccomended. Having read on the nouns at least once is a minimal requirement to understand adjectives.
Adjectives are divided first into anteméssa (placed before the noun) and posteméssa (placed after the noun). Anteméssa are generaly conugated like the article, while posteméssa follow the noun itself.
Adjectives of the first conjugation
[edit | edit source]Behind the noun
[edit | edit source]Just like nouns, adjectives are divided into two conjugations. Adjectives of the first conjugation always ends on -o in their male form. Replacing this -o with -a and -u give you their respective female and neuter forms.
Most adjectives are placed behind the noun, a few few before them, and some nouns have a different meaning depending on their place. For example, bello, when placed behind the noun means beautiful, handsome, pretty, while bel before a noun is more generale: nice, good, pretty, ... When placed behind the noun (or with no noun at all), the adjective copies the exits from the nouns of the first conjugation:
| Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| il gamo bello | le gamo bello | lo gamo bello | li gami belli |
| i gami belli | i gami belli | li gami belli | li gamor bellor |
| la gama bella | la gama bella | la gama bella | lé game belle |
| lé game belle | la game belle | li game belle | lé gamar bellar |
| le domu bellu | le domu bellu | lo domo bello | la domi belli |
| la doma bella | la doma bella | li domi belli | la domor bellor |
Before the noun
[edit | edit source]Adjectives behind a noun will be found in the dictionary as for example bello, -a, u. Adjectives before the will be found as for example bel, bella* (he asterisk is to remind you to put it before the noun). From this you can derive the root bell- and the short form bel. The short form will be used in the nominative and accusative with male or neuter nouns. All other forms will gets the root with the exit of the article.
| Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| il bel gamo | le bel gamo | lo bello gamo | li belli gami |
| i belli gami | i belli gami | li belli gami | li belli gamor |
| la bella gama | la bella gama | la bella gama | lé belle game |
| lé belle game | la bella game | li belli game | lé belle gamar |
| le bel domu | le bel domu | lo bello domo | la bella domi |
| la bella doma | la bella doma | li belli domi | la bella domor |
Adjectives of the second conjugation
[edit | edit source]Behind the noun
[edit | edit source]Nouns of the second conjugation are slightly harder because their gender is hard to define. In the dative and genitive singular, and in all the plural forms, they follow the noun or the article depending on it's position. In the accusative and nominative singular, they take a differnent form. In most cases, male and neuter adjectives have root + -e here, while female ones have root + -i. However:
- Some adjectives have -er, -(e)ri, -(e)re: aguer, agri, agre
- Some adjectives (mainly active participles have -ns, -nti, -nte: carmínans, carmínanti, carmínante
As an example, we'll take grande, -di, -de, which means big when place behind a noun. Before a noun it becomes gran, grandi which means great as in "very good".
| Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| l' homo grande | l' homo grande | l' homine grande | li homini grandi |
| i homini grandi | i homini grandi | li homini grandi | li hominor grandor |
| la ris grandi | la ris grandi | la réa granda | lé réie grande |
| lé réie grande | la réie grande | li réie grande | lé réar grandar |
| le corpu grande | le corpu grande | lo corpere grande | la corperi grandi |
| la corpera granda | la corpera granda | li corperi grandi | la corperor grandor |
Before the noun
[edit | edit source]Adjectives before a noun work just the way they do when they follow the first conjugation, except for the accusative and nominative singular. Also keep in mind that the exit -o is always replaced with -e!
| Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| il gran homo | le gran homo | lo grande homine | li grandi homini |
| i grandi homini | i grandi homini | li grandi homini | li grandi hominor |
| la grandi ris | la grandi ris | la granda réa | lé grande réie |
| lé grande réie | la granda réie | li grandi réie | lé grande réar |
| le gran corpu | le gran corpu | lo grande corpere | la granda corperi |
| la granda corpera | la granda corpera | li grandi corpera | la granda corperor |
Demonstrative Pronouns
[edit | edit source]Demonstrative pronouns are words like this and that have the same function as the defintite article but are stronger and more specific. English has two "places": here and there (and archaic yonder)
Latonic has three: cuí (here), lí (within eye range) and ví (far away). Therefore, it also has three demonstrative pronouns:
- Istu is usually associated with quí.
- Illu is usually associated with lí.
- Víe is usually associated with ví.
In modern spoken language, illu and istu may be used less specifically, having the same function but istu being stronger, while illu always refers to something earlier mentioned.
The demonstrative pronouns are placed before the noun and conjugated like the adjectives before a noun. They may also be used on their own, in which case they are conjugated like the adjective behind a noun.
An overview of genders:
- Sol. isto, ista, istu, Adj. iste, ista (1st/1st Cg.)
- Sol. illo, illa, illu, Adj. ille, illa (1st/1st Cg.)
- Sol. víe, víi, víe, Adj. ví, vía (2nd/1st Cg.)
| Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| isto | isto | isto | isti |
| iste gamo | iste gamo | isto gamo | isti gami |
| isti | isti | isti | istor |
| isti gami | isti gami | isti gami | isti gamor |
| ista | ista | ista | iste |
| ista gama | ista gama | ista gama | iste game |
| iste | iste | iste | istar |
| iste game | ista game | isti game | iste gamar |
| istu | istu | isto | isti |
| iste domu | iste domu | isto domo | ista domi |
| ista | ista | isti | istor |
| ista doma | ista doma | isti domi | ista domor |
| Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| illo | illo | illo | illi |
| ille gamo | ille gamo | illo gamo | illi gami |
| illi | illi | illi | illor |
| illi gami | illi gami | illi gami | illi gamor |
| illa | illa | illa | ille |
| illa gama | illa gama | illa gama | ille game |
| ille | ille | ille | illar |
| ille game | illa game | illi game | ille gamar |
| illu | illu | illo | illi |
| ille domu | ille domu | illo domo | illa domi |
| illa | illa | illi | illor |
| illa doma | illa doma | illi domi | illa domor |
| Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive |
|---|---|---|---|
| víe | víe | víe | víi |
| ví gamo | ví gamo | víe gamo | víi gami |
| víi | víi | víi | víor |
| víi gami | víi gami | víi gami | víi gamor |
| víi | víi | vía | víe |
| vía gama | vía gama | vía gama | víe game |
| víe | víe | víe | víar |
| víe game | vía game | víi game | víe gamar |
| víe | víe | víe | víi |
| víe domu | víe domu | vío domo | vía domi |
| vía | vía | víi | víor |
| vía doma | vía doma | víi domi | vía domor |