Fundamentals of Neuroscience/Exams/Quiz II

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1 The peripheral nervous system is derived from what embryonic structure?

	Neural tube
	Neural crest
	Diencephelon
	Telencephelon

2 The first basic step in development is:

	Cell differentiation
	Neural tube formation
	Neural crest formation
	Neurilation

3 During early childhood, what is the predominant change occurring in the brain?

	Growth of connections
	Gyrus formation in the cortex
	Enlargement of neurons
	Loss of connections

4 T/F: Myelination occurs at every stage of post-natal brain development

	True
	False

5 What is the neurological term for the brain's ability to undergo changes?

	Adaptivity
	Maleability
	Plasticity
	Flexability

6 What brain region, crucial to sleep patterns, is sensitive to changes in light?

	Reticular formation
	Suprachiasmatic nucleus
	Thalamus
	Occipital lobe

7 Select all of the phenomena which can promote drowsiness and sleep:

	Percieved light level
	Decreased neurotrasnmitter availibility
	Buildup of adenosine
	Action of the hormone melatonin
	Action of the hormone melanin

8 Differences between NREM and REM sleep include all of the following EXCEPT:

	Eye movement
	Temporary paralysis
	Selective brain region deactivation
	Occurance of Dreams
	Neural activity patterns

9 Select all of the following which are theories for sleep's biological utility:

	Replenishing neurotransmitter levels
	Replenishing hormone levels
	Establishing new channels and receptors
	Breaking down more ATP
	Boosting proper development and learning

10 T/F: Inhibitory neurons in the cortex lead to a loss of consciousness during sleep

	True
	False

11 All of the following are true of semantic memories EXCEPT:

	They pertain to concrete facts
	They are a form of declarative memory
	They are ultimately stored in the cerebrum
	They can include autobiographical memories

12 Select all of the following which must occur for a working memory to be maintained:

	Biochemical changes occur at the synapse
	A neuronal 'loop' is replayed
	Sensory regions are recruited to reconstruct perceptions
	The hippocampus is highly activated

13 Long term potentiaion (LTP) is:

	A process of creating new connections and associations to form a memory
	A process of removing inhibitory inputs impeding a certain memory circuit
	A process of strengthening already existing synaptic connections

14 Select all which occur during memory recall:

	The memory experience is recreated in the brain
	The memory is moved from the hippocampus to the cerebrum
	Neuronal connections forming the memory may be altered
	Enough of the accompanying memory 'network' must be activated to recover the memory
	Neurons within the memory network must synchronize their firing

15 After passing through the primary auditory cortex, what is the first language processing area words pass through?

	Broca's area
	Wernicke's area
	Geschwind's territory

16 All of the following are involved in articulation of language EXCEPT:

	Primary motor cortex must be highly activated
	Specific phonemes must be selected to form words
	Muscle movements of facial muscles must be precisely coordinated
	Broca's area must oversee speech production

17 T/F: Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and Geshwind's territory are almost always found on only the left side of the brain

	True
	False

18 An emergent property is one that:

	Emerges unexpectidely with few indications of its origins
	Generates complex behavior out of the interactions of simple parts
	Is inevitable and must result from a certain stimulus input
	Is formed by a circuit

19 T/F: Emotion is a largely conscious experience independent of rational judgement

	True
	False

20 Select all of the brain regions correctly matched with their role in emotion:

	Thalamus- tagging sensory input as emotionally arousing or not
	Amygdala- center for fear and aggression
	Anterior cingulate- controlling emotional responses with rational inhibition
	Hypothalamus- signaling information about emotional cues to the thalamus
	Prefrontal cortex- abnegating immediate reward for goal-oriented behavior