ECSTRA/Requests
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< ECSTRA
Typical forms and situations to be focussed on:
Situations:
- A. asking the host to close the window
- B. asking a friend to lend you his book
- C. asking a professor you know only superficially to lend you his book
- D. asking a friend to give you back your book
- E. asking a friend to lend you a sum of 100 euros
- F. asking a friend to give you back the 100 euros you've lent him
Frequent structures that are possible or impossible [which is more easily noted down] in a given situation:
- 1. pure imperative like "do X"
- 2. use of 'please'
- 3. expressions that mean "could you do me a favor? ..."
- 4. descriptions of a want or its cause like "I'd like to have X", "I forgot X...", "I missed X..."
- 5. very direct phrases like "I am asking you to do X"
- 6. relatively direct phrases like "I would like to ask you to do X"
- 7. slightly direct phrases like "I would like to get the favor of you doing X"
- 8. stating the obligation of the hearer like "You will have to do X"
- 9. direct want statements like "I really wish you would do X"
- 10. suggestions like "How about doing X?"
- 11. strong 'positive' queries like "Can you do X?", "Will you do X?"
- 12. mild 'positive' queries like "Could you do X?", "Would you do X?"
- 13. strong 'negative' queries like "Can't you do X?", "Won't you do X?"
- 14. mild 'negative' queries like "Couldn't you do X?", "Wouldn't you do X?"
- 15. strong hints like "You have forgotten x"
- 16. mild hints that do not contain any direct reference to the requested thing (e.g. I can't see X, i.e. 'you have forgotten X, bring X here!')
- 17. Other forms
(Please remember our guidelines.)
AT: Austria
[edit | edit source]Vienna (ECSTRA-Q):
- A: 2, 3, 4
- B: 2, 3, 12, 14
- C: 2, 3, 4
- D: 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13
- E: 2, 3, 4, 13
- F: 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14
BE: Belgium
[edit | edit source]French-speaking area (ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 12
- B: "Do you think I could borrow your book?"
- C: 12
- D: 12
- E: 3
- F: 12
CH: Switzerland
[edit | edit source]French-speaking area (ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2, 3, 7
- B: 2, 7
- C: 2, 3, 4
- D: 2, 6
- E: 2, 10
- F: 2, 16
CZ: Czech Republic
[edit | edit source]...
DE: Germany
[edit | edit source](ECSTRA-Q, PO)
- A: 2, 3, 11, 12
- B: 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 11, 12
- C: 2, 3, 12
- D: 2, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13
- E: 2, 3, 11, 12, 14
- F: 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15
DK: Denmark
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EE: Estonia
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ES: Spain
[edit | edit source]Castilia y León (ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2, 11
- B: 4, 6, 11
- C: 6, 9, 11
- D: 11, 12
- E: 3, 7, 11, 12
- F: 7, 11, 12
Andalusia (ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2, 3
- B: 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 14
- C: 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 14
- D: 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 16
- E: 10, 11, 12, 14
- F: 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 16
FI: Finland
[edit | edit source]Swedish-speaking area (ECSTRA-Q):
- A: 2, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16
- B: 4, 11, 12
- C: 4, 12, 16
- D: 4, 10, 11, 15
- E: 6, 11, 12
- F: 6, 11, 15
FR: France
[edit | edit source]Paris (ECSTRA-Q):
- A: 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14 + "It wouldn't bother you to ..., please?"
- B: 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14 + "It wouldn't bother you to..., please?"
- C:
- D:
- E:
- F:
HR: Croatia
[edit | edit source]...
HU: Hungary
[edit | edit source](ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2, 3, 12
- B: 12, 13, 14
- C: 2, 3, 12, 13
- D: 5, 6, 12, 15
- E: 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 15
- F: 5, 6, 12, 15
IE: Ireland
[edit | edit source](ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 3 + "Would you mind..." + "Is there any chance you could..."
- B: 3, 4, 11, 12 + "Would you mind..." + "Is there any chance you could..."
- C: 4 + "Would you mind..." + "Is there any chance you could..."
- D: 11, 12 + "Would you mind..." + "Is there any chance you could..."
- E: 11, 12 + "Would you mind..." + "Is there any chance you could..."
- F: 10, 12 + "Would you mind..." + "Is there any chance you could..."
IT: Italy
[edit | edit source]Lombardy (ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2, 11, 12
- B: 1, 2, 3, 6, 14 + "Would you be so kind...?"
- C: 3, 6, 7, 14 + "Would you be so kind...?"
- D: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
- E: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14 + "Would you be so kind...?"
- F: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
LT: Lithuania
[edit | edit source](ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2
- B: 2, 3, 10, 12, 13
- C: 2
- D: 2, 4
- E: 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 13
- F: 2, 4
LU: Luxemburg
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LV: Latvia
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MT: Malta
[edit | edit source](ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2
- B: 12
- C: 3
- D: 3
- E: 9
- F: 10
NL: Netherlands
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NO: Norway
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PL: Poland
[edit | edit source](ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2, 5, 6
- B: 3, 11, 12
- C: 2, 3, 4, 11
- D: 5
- E: 3, 4, 11, 12
- F: 2, 6, 10
PT: Portugal
[edit | edit source](ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2
- B: 3, 11
- C: 2, 6, 11, 12
- D: 3, 9
- E: 3
- F: 2, 3, 5
SE: Sweden
[edit | edit source]- A: 2
- B: 4
- C: 4
- D: 4
- E: 3
- F: 5
SI: Slovenia
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SK: Slovakia
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UK: United Kingdom
[edit | edit source]England
- A: 3
- B: 3
- C: 2
- D: 2
- E: 3
- F: 6
Scotland (ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 12
- B: 2, 3, 6, 7, 12
- C: 2, 3, 6, 7, 12
- D: 2, 4, 6, 11, 15, 16
- E: 2, 4, 7, 10, 12
- F: 2, 5, 9, 11, 15
Non-European Nations
[edit | edit source]Australia (ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 1, 6, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16
- B: 3, 7
- C: 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16
- D: 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16
Greece (ECSTRA-Q)
- A: 2, 3, 9, 12
- B: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14
- C: 2, 3, 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16
- D: 1, 2, 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16
- E: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14
- F: 2, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16