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<email_address><span class="nowrap">Contact[[File:At sign.svg|alt=At sign|15px|@|link=]]WikiJMed.org</span></email_address>
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<registrant>WEB-FORM</registrant>
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<journal>
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<full_title>WikiJournal of Medicine/The Hippocampus</full_title>
<abbrev_title>Wiki.J.Med.</abbrev_title>
<issn media_type='electronic'>2002-4436 / 2470-6345 / 2639-5347</issn>
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<doi>10.15347/WJM</doi>
<resource>http://www.WikiJMed.org/</resource>
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<publication_date media_type='online'>
<year>2019</year>
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<volume></volume>
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<issue></issue>
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<journal_article publication_type='full_text'>
<titles>
<title>The Hippocampus</title>
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<person_name sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>
<surname></surname>
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<surname>et al.</surname><affiliation>Wikipedia editors of Hippocampus</affiliation><link>https://xtools.wmflabs.org/articleinfo/en.wikipedia.org/Hippocampus//2017-03-11</link>
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<publication_date media_type='online'>
<year>2019</year>
</publication_date>
<doi_data>
<doi>10.15347/wjm/2017.003</doi>
<resource>https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/WikiJournal of Medicine/The Hippocampus</resource>
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<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>[[File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg|11px|link=Wikipedia:Open Access]] [[File:Cc.logo.circle.svg|16px|link=Wikipedia:Creative Commons]]
This is an open access article distributed under the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License], which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
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<abstract>
</p>
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος ''hippos'', "horse" and κάμπος ''kampos'', "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial memory that enables navigation. The hippocampus is located under the cerebral cortex;(allocortical) and in primates it is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface. It contains two main interlocking parts: the hippocampus proper (also called Ammon's horn) and the dentate gyrus. In Alzheimer's disease (and other forms of short-term memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. People with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia (the inability to form and retain new memories). In rodents as model organisms, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment. Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with head direction cells, whose activity acts as an inertial compass, and conjecturally with grid cells in the neighboring entorhinal cortex. Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus, it has frequently been used as a model system for studying neurophysiology. The form of neural plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) was first discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has often been studied in this structure. LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memories are stored in the brain.
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