Esperanto/Root chart

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This is an attempt to create a convenient list of the roots and their meanings in English

Proper nouns have been omitted. - and should not be changed, I pity the mailman trying to deliver to "nov jorko"!

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Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

singular plural
first person mi (I) ni (we)
second person vi (you)
third
person
masculine li (he) ili (they)
feminine ŝi (she)
epicene ĝi (it)
neutral ri* (they)

*typically used as a third-gender pronoun and is called riismo (they-ism)

Correlatives[edit | edit source]

Correlative Table K- T- (alone) Ĉ- Nen- al-

(non-standard & likely to cause confusion)

-u
(Unique person/thing)
k-i-u
(who)
t-i-u
(this/that person/thing)
i-u
(some/a person/thing)
ĉ-i-u
(every person/thing)
nen-i-u
(No person/thing)
al-i-u
(someone else)
-e
(place, location)
k-i-e
(where)
t-i-e
(there)
i-e
(some place)
ĉ-i-e
(every place)
nen-i-e
(No place)
al-i-e
(elsewhere)
-o
(abstract thing)
k-i-o
(what)
t-i-o
(that)
i-o
(some thing)
ĉ-i-o
(every thing)
nen-i-o
(No thing)
al-i-o
(something else)
-a
(type/kind)
k-i-a
(what type, which kind)
t-i-a
(this/that type/kind)
i-a
(some/a type/kind)
ĉ-i-a
(every type/kind)
nen-i-a
(No type/kind)
al-i-a
(another kind)
-om
(quantity)
k-i-om
(how many)
t-i-om
(this many)
i-om
(some amount)
ĉ-i-om
(every amount)
nen-i-om
(No amount)
al-i-om
(another amount)
-am
(time)
k-i-am
(when)
t-i-am
(then)
i-am
(some time)
ĉ-i-am
(every time, always)
nen-i-am
(No time, never)
al-i-am
(another time)
-es
(ownership)
k-i-es
(whose)
t-i-es
(their)
i-es
(some/any one's)
ĉ-i-es
(everyone's)
neni-es
(noone's)
al-i-es
(someone else's)
-al
(causation)
k-i-al
(why)
t-i-al
(because)
i-al
(for some reason)
ĉ-i-al
(for all reasons)
nen-i-al
(for no reason)
al-i-al
(another reason)
-el
(method)
k-i-el
(how, in what method)
t-i-el
(in this method)
i-el
(in some method)
ĉ-i-el
(in every way)
nen-i-el
(in no way)
al-i-el
(another way)


Prepositions[edit | edit source]

preposition Meaning
al to, toward
anstataŭ instead of
antaŭ before, in front of
apud beside, near, nearby, near to, next to
ĉe at (generic non-specific preposition)
ĉirkaŭ about, around, circa
de of, from, by
dum during, for, while
ekde since, starting/beginning at
el from, out of
en into, inside, inside of
ekster outside, outside of
eksteren outward, towards the outside of
ĝis until, till
inter among, between
kontraŭ against, across from, in exchange for, opposed to, opposite
krom except for, except, apart from, besides
kun with, together with
laŭ according to
malgraŭ despite, in spite of
ol than (more/less)
per by means of, through use of
plus numerically greater than
post after, behind
po at the rate of
por on behalf of
preter beyond
pri about, concerning, on, upon
pro because of
sen without
sub below, beneath
sur upon, on top of
super above, over
tra through (as in a location, not through use/means of)
trans across, beyond, on the other side of


Suffixes[edit | edit source]

Suffix Audio Meaning Example Audio Translation
-aĉ cheap, poor quality dom-aĉ-o shack
-ad prolonged parol-ad-i ramble
-aĵo to make a noun sek-aĵ-o dry good
-an citizen Kanad-an-o Canadian
-ar group Kanad-ar-o-j Canadians
-ĉj male nickname pa-ĉj-o daddy
-ebl possibility vid-ebl-a visible
-ec -ness dolĉ-ec-o sweetness
-eg bigger vent-eg-o gust
-ej to make a place preĝ-ej-o church/temple (place of prayer)
-em tendency ŝpar-em-a thrifty
-end should/must leg-end-a that should be read
-er part of sal-er-o grain of salt
-estr leader Kanad-estr-o Prime-minister (Canadian leader)
-et smaller rid-et-i smile (little laugh)
-id offspring ĉeval-id-o colt
-ig to cause pur-ig-i to make clean
-iĝ become ruĝ-iĝ-i blush (redden)
-il tool ŝlos-il-o key (lock tool)
-in female Kanad-in-o Canadian woman
-ind worthy admir-ind-a admirable
-ist profession Esperant-ist-o Esperanto teacher/speaker
-nj female nickname pa-nj-o mommy
-obl times/fold du-obl-a double
-on part kvar-on-o quarter
#op group du-op-o pair
-ul trait stult-ul-o fool
-uj container Mon-uj-o purse/wallet

Colors[edit | edit source]

root Akademio de Esperanto -o
(noun)
-a
(adjective)
-i
(verb)
-e
(adverb)
mal-
(opposite)
chef-
(main)
ek-
(start)
eks
(end)
re-
(cyclic)
dis-
(distributive)
pra-
(ancient)
comments
arĝent silver silver silvery w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
blank white white light w: w: dark w: w: w: w: w: w:
blond fair blond blond w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
blu blue blue bluish w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
brun brown brown brown w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
ebon ebony ebony ebony w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
flav yellow yellow yellowish w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
griz grey gray grayish w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
kobalt cobalt Cobalt cobalty w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
kolor color color colorful color w: monochome w: w: w: w: w: w:
nigr black black dark w: w: light w: w: w: w: w: w:
oranĝ orange orange orangy w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
pal pale w: pale w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
purpur purple purple purpley w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
roz rose pink pinkish w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
ruĝ red red redish w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
skarlat scarlet scarlet scarlety w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
stri stripe/streak strip w: stripe w: solid w: w: w: w: w: w:
tan tan tan w: tan w: light w: w: w: w: w: w:
turkis turquoise turquoise turquoisy w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
verd green green greenish w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:
viol violet violet violet w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w: w:

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