Talk:Evidence-based assessment/Bipolar disorder in youth (assessment portfolio)
Add topicMeeting Notes Lfollet (discuss • contribs) 18:31, 28 October 2021 (UTC) Fixing link of above Lfollet (discuss • contribs) 04:44, 3 November 2021 (UTC)
Here is the short URL for the portfolio page: [[1]] https://w.wiki/UbG
The "Base Rates of PBD" table under Demographic Information is missing information in the "Best Recommended For" Column. --Ithaker (discuss • contribs) 23:01, 1 February 2018 (UTC)
"Psychometric Properties of Screening Measures" Table under Diagnosis is missing information in the "Parent General Behavior" row. --Ithaker (discuss • contribs) 23:05, 1 February 2018 (UTC)
Treatment contains parenthetical information which needs to be addressed and solidified. --Ithaker (discuss • contribs) 23:06, 1 February 2018 (UTC)
- Put the things under gold standard diagnostic interviews on the main prescription phase page
Bipolar Chapter - Table 1
[edit source]Tool | Identified Patient Age | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
School Aged (5 to 10 years old) |
Adolescent (11 to 18 years) |
Parent About Youth | Adult Client or Parent About Self | |
Anchor probability | Very rare in general population | Uncommon | Uncommon | Uncommon |
Bipolar spectrum benchmark probability |
~1% general ~5% clinical (<1% bipolar I) |
~4% general population ~10% clinical |
Use age of youth to pick | ~4% general population ~20% of clinical |
Broad screen | N/A (reading level) | YSR, BASC, SDQ, or ASI | CBCL, BASC, CSI, or SDQ | YASR |
Follow up measures | PPDS (puberty) N/A for self-report questionnaires (reading level) |
PPDS (puberty) GBI-10M or 7 Up |
PPDS (puberty) PGBI-10M or CMRS10 FIRM |
FIRM HCL, BSDS, MDQ, or ISS |
Diagnostic Interview | MINI-Kid | MINI-Kid or MINI | MINI | MINI |
Severity | Interview: KMRS, KDRS Rating Scale: None (reading) |
Interview: KMRS, KDRS Rating Scale: GBI10M, GBI10Da/Db |
Interview: KMRS, KDRS Rating Scale: PGBI10M, PGBI10Da/Db |
Interview: YMRS, HDRS Rating Scale: Altman |
Global Functioning: | CGAS (1 to 100) | CGAS (1 to 100) | CGAS (1 to 100) | GAF |
Quality of Life: | Kiddy KINDL | KINDL | Parent KINDL | QoL BSD |
Sleep | See Meltzer (2020) | See Meltzer (2020) | PGBI-Sleep See Meltzer (2020) |
Chronotype (SMEQ), sleep problems (PSQI) |
Mood change | N/A | Mood charting app | Mood charting app | Mood charting app |
Note. Bipolar extremely rare before the age of 5; do not consider as a possible diagnosis except under highly extenuating circumstances.
Glossary: YSR = Youth Self Report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001); BASC = Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2015); SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, Ford, Simmons, Gatward, & Meltzer, 2003), ASI = Adolescent Symptom Inventory (Gadow & Sprafkin, 1997); CSI = Child Symptom Inventory (Gadow & Sprafkin, 1994); YASR = Young Adult Self-Report (Achenbach, 1997); PPDS = Petersen Pubertal Developmental Screen (Petersen et al., 1988); FIRM = Family Index of Risk for Mood disorders (Algorta et al., 2013); GBI = General Behavior Inventory (Depue et al., 1981); 7 Up = 7 Up (E. A. Youngstrom et al., 2013); PGBI-10M, 10Da, 10Db = 10 item forms of parent-reported GBI (E. A. Youngstrom, A. Van Meter, et al., 2018); HCL = Hypomania Checklist (J. Angst et al., 2010); BSDS = Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (Ghaemi et al., 2005); MDQ = Mood Disorder Questionnaire (Hirschfeld et al., 2000); ISS = Internal States Scale (Bauer et al., 1991); MINI = Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Sheehan et al., 1998); MINI-Kid = MINI for Children and Adolescents (Sheehan et al., 2010); KMRS = KSADS Mania Rating Scale (D. A. Axelson et al., 2003); KDRS = KSADS Depression Rating Scale (Demeter et al., 2013); YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale (Young et al., 1978); HDRS = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Hamilton, 1967); CGAS = Children’s Global Assessment Scale (D. Shaffer et al., 1983); GAF = Global Assessment of Functioning (Hall, 1995); KINDL = quality of life scale (not an acronym) (Ravens-Sieberer & Bullinger, 2000); QoL.BSD = Quality of Life for Bipolar Disorder (Michalak et al., 2010); PGBI Sleep = sleep scale carved from parent GBI (Meyers & Youngstrom, 2008); SMEQ = Student Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Košćec, Radošević-Vidaček, & Kostović, 2001); PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer, 1989).
Psych intensive (discuss • contribs) 21:18, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
Psych intensive (discuss • contribs) 14:10, 29 July 2019 (UTC)
Bipolar Chapter - Table 2
[edit source]A. | A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood, clearly different from usual mood; increased energy
Duration: At least one week (unless treatment cuts it short) for mania; at least 4 days for hypomanic episode (though data suggest that two day periods are more common and still impairing) |
---|---|
B. | During the mood episode, at least 3 of the following symptoms are also present to a significant degree
(4 or more if mood is mostly irritable):
|
C. | Mania: Causes marked impairment in school, at home, or with peers; may also require hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others; may also have psychotic features
Hypomania: An unequivocal change in functioning from typical for person when not symptomatic, observable by others; but not severe enough to cause marked impairment, and with no psychotic features. |
D. | Rule out symptoms due to physiological effects of a substance (including stimulant or antidepressant medication), or symptoms due to a general medical condition. |
Adapted from DSM-5 (APA, 2013); ICD-11 (WHO, 2018); ISBSD Child Diagnosis Task Force (Youngstrom, Birmaher, & Findling, 2008).
Psych intensive (discuss • contribs) 21:10, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
Bipolar Chapter - Table 3
[edit source]Definition (Source) | Comment |
---|---|
Bipolar I |
|
Bipolar II |
|
Cyclothymia
(DSM-IV-TR) |
|
Repeated hypomanias in the absence of lifetime mania or depression (DSM-5 – Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorders [OSBRD]) |
|
Insufficient Duration of Mood Episodes
(DSM-5 OSBRD) Leibenluft et al. (2003) further distinguish between cases with elated mood and/or grandiosity versus those with only irritability as mood disturbance; following Geller et al. |
|
Insufficient Number of Manic Symptoms
Leibenluft et al. (2003) include “irritable hypomania” and “irritable mania” as another “intermediate” phenotype, even if accompanied by four or more other manic symptoms |
|
Severe Mood Dysregulation (previously referred to as a “Broad Phenotype”) (Leibenluft et al., 2003 definition) |
* Symptom is not part of DSM-IV or -5 criteria for mania. |
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) |
|
Bipolar Not Otherwise Specified – Research Criteria from “Course and Outcomes of Bipolar Youth” Study (NIMH R01 MH059929)
(Birmaher et al., 2006; Axelson et al., 2006)(Horwitz et al., 2010) |
|
Child Behavior Checklist Proxy Diagnosis
(After Mick et al., 2003) Often operationally defined as parent-reported T-scores of 70+ on Aggressive Behavior, Attention Problems, and Anxious/Depressed scales.
|
Pros:
Cons:
|
Psych intensive (discuss • contribs) 21:13, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
Bipolar Chapter - Table 4
[edit source]Setting (Reference) | Base Rate | Demography | Diagnostic Method |
---|---|---|---|
Rates of Bipolar Disorders in General Population | 0.6% | Bipolar I in youths age 5 to 18 | Meta-analysis of epidemiological studies, 19 samples, N = 56,103 participants (A. Van Meter et al., 2019) |
Rates of bipolar spectrum (I, II, cyclothymia, NOS) in general population | 3.9% | Bipolar spectrum in youths age 5 to 18 years | Meta-regression estimate (A. Van Meter et al., 2019) |
High school epidemiological (Lewinsohn et al., 2000) |
0.6% | Northwestern USA high school | KSADS-PL |
Community Mental Health Center (E. A. Youngstrom et al., 2005) |
6% | Midwestern Urban, 80% non-white, low-income | Clinical interview & treatment |
General Outpatient Clinic; (Geller, Zimerman, Williams, Delbello, Frazier, et al., 2002) |
6% to 8% | Urban academic research centers | WASH-U-KSADS |
County Wards (DCFS) (Naylor, Anderson, Kruesi, & Stoewe, 2002, October) |
11% | State of Illinois | Clinical interview & treatment |
Specialty Outpatient Service (Biederman et al., 1996) |
15-17% | New England | KSADS-E |
Incarcerated adolescents (Teplin, Abram, McClelland, Dulcan, & Mericle, 2002) |
2% | Midwestern Urban | DISC |
Incarcerated adolescents (Pliszka et al., 2000) |
22% | Texas | DISC |
Acute psychiatric hospitalizations in 2002-2003 – adolescents (Blader & Carlson, 2007) |
21% | All of U.S.A. | Centers for Disease Control survey of discharge diagnoses |
Inpatient service (Carlson & Youngstrom, 2003) |
30% manic symptoms, <2% strict BP I |
New York City Metro Region | DICA; KSADS |
Acute psychiatric hospitalizations in 2002-2003 – children (Blader & Carlson, 2007) |
40% | All of U.S.A. | Centers for Disease Control survey of discharge diagnoses |
Psychiatric outpatient clinic (Ghanizadeh, Mohammadi, & Yazdanshenas, 2006) |
16-17% | Iran | K-SADS-PL (Farsi) |
Inpatient and partial hospitalization programs at a psychiatric treatment center (Pellegrini et al., 1986) |
Mania (0%), hypomania (6%) | Richmond, Virginia | DISC |
p Parent interviewed as component of diagnostic assessment; y youth interviewed as part of diagnostic assessment.
Note: KSADS = Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, PL = Present and Lifetime version, WASH-U = Washington University version, -E = Epidemiological version of the KSADS; DISC = Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children; DICA = Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents. Table modified from Wikiversity.
Psych intensive (discuss • contribs) 21:19, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
Psych intensive (discuss • contribs) 16:55, 29 July 2019 (UTC)
Bipolar Chapter - Table 5
[edit source]Red Flag | Description | References |
---|---|---|
Early onset depression | Variously described as onset before age 15, or pre-pubertal | (A. Duffy et al., 2009; Hillegers et al., 2005; Kowatch, Youngstrom, et al., 2005; E A Youngstrom & Algorta, 2014) |
Psychotic features | True delusions or hallucinations occurring in the context of mood | (Kowatch, Youngstrom, et al., 2005; Anna R. Van Meter et al., 2016) |
Episodic aggressive behavior (including high parent reports of externalizing behavior) |
Not specific to bipolar, but most bipolar cases will show this; more episodic should trigger evaluation to rule out | (D. Axelson et al., 2012; Hunt et al., 2009) |
Family history of BSD | Five-fold increase in risk for 1st degree relative; 2.5x for 2nd degree or “fuzzy” bipolar |
(Algorta et al., 2013; Fristad et al., 2012; Hodgins et al., 2002) |
Atypical depression | Hypersomnia (vs. insomnia), increased appetite and weight gain (vs. decreased), decreased energy, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity | (Benazzi & Rihmer, 2000; B. Birmaher et al., 1996) |
Early onset of puberty | Puberty doubles or triples risk of mood disorder. Early onset depression may be more likely to follow a bipolar course. | (Peper & Dahl, 2013; Ullsperger & Nikolas, 2017) |
Sleep disturbance | Especially decreased sleep without fatigue, or combined with increased energy. Need to differentiate from insomnia with depression, or passive staying up with electronics | (Algorta et al., 2013; Allison G Harvey, 2008; Perez Algorta et al., 2018; Phelps, 2008) |
Psych intensive (discuss • contribs) 15:41, 29 July 2019 (UTC)
Bipolar Chapter - Table 6
[edit source]Adult About Self (including parent about self) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Feature | MDQ | BSDS | HCL | |
Length | ||||
|
15 | 20 | 32 | |
|
12 | 19 | 16 | |
Reading Levela | 7.3 | 10.0 | 7.2 | |
Languages | 13+ b | 7+ c | 18+ d | |
Projected d | 1.00 | 1.05 | 0.95 | |
Projected AUC
(95% CI) |
.76
(.68 to .83) |
.77
(.69 to .84) |
.75
(.67 to .82) | |
Sensitivity at Sp=.9 | .41 | .43 | .38 | |
DiLR+ | 4.1 | 4.3 | 3.8 | |
Time Frame | Lifetime | Lifetime | Lifetime |
Teen About Self | Any Mood | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Feature | MDQ | GBI-10M | 7 Up | GBI-10Da |
Length | ||||
|
15 | 79 | 79 | 79 |
|
12 | 10 | 7 | 10 |
Reading Levela | 7.3 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 |
Languages | 13+b | 25+e | 4+e | 25+ e |
Projected d | .40 | .43 | .36 | |
Projected AUC
(95% CI) |
.61
(.54 to .67) |
.62
(.58 to .67) |
.60
(.56 to .65) |
.66
(.62 to .70) |
Sensitivity at Sp=.9 | .20 | .22 | .20 | .23 |
DiLR+ | 2.0 raw 9+ | 2.2 raw 19+ | 2.0 raw 11+ | 2.3 raw 16+ |
Time Frame | Lifetime | Past year | Past year | Past year |
Parent About Youth | Any Mood | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Feature | PGBI-10M | CMRS | FIRM | PGBI-10Da |
Length | ||||
|
79 | 21 | 1 page grid | 79 |
|
10* | 10* | 1 page | 10* |
Reading Levela | 11.1 | 6.5 | 17.6 | 11.1 |
Languages | 25+e | 5f | 2g | 25+e |
Projected d | 1.30 | .87 | .47 | 1.30 |
Projected AUC
(95% CI) |
.82
(.80 to .84) |
.73
(.66 to .80) |
.63
(.54 to .72) |
.82
(.80 to .84) |
Sensitivity at Sp=.9 | .47 | .21 | .28 | .52 |
DiLR+ | 4.7 raw 15.5+ | 2.1 raw 12+ | 2.8 raw 8+ | 5.2 raw 10+ |
Time Frame | Past Year | Lifetime | Lifetime (family history) |
Past year |
Estimates based on saturated regression model for studies from 2000 and later, with 2016 as reference year (Youngstrom, Egerton, et al., 2018).
aFlesch-Kincaid Grade Level, estimated on the combination of instructions and items.
bMDQ available in English, Spanish, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, Farsi/Persian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese.
cBSDS available in English (US & UK), Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Portuguese, Spanish.
dHCL available in English, Arabic, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, Flemish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese (Portuguese & Brazilian), Russian, Spanish, Turkish.
eGBI available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Korean in full length and 7 Up-7 Down versions; available in 20 other languages for 10-M and 10-Da versions.
fCMRS available in English, Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, Portuguese.
gFIRM available in English and Spanish.
Note. AUC = Area Under Curve from receiver operating characteristic analysis; estimate assumes parametric distribution. Sensitivity for specificity = .90 uses same assumptions. DiLR+ is the diagnostic likelihood ratio associated with scoring above the threshold attached to a specificity of .90; note that this might not be the most discriminating region of performance on a given test. The Wikiversity pages have more details, including multi-level likelihood ratios. Likelihood ratios of 1 indicate that the test result did not change impressions at all. LRs larger than 10 or smaller than .10 are frequently clinically decisive; 5 or .20 are helpful, and between 2.0 and .5 are small enough that they rarely result in clinically meaningful changes of formulation (Sackett et al., 2000).
Psych intensive (discuss • contribs) 21:15, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
Bipolar Chapter - Table 7
[edit source]Symptom | Sensitivity to BSDa |
Specificity to BSD |
Features Suggesting BSD |
Features Suggesting Other Diagnoses |
Recommendation |
Handle Symptoms (High Specificity) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A.1. Elated, expansive, euphoric mood | Mweighted= 64% (95% CI: 53 to 75%) 19 studies |
High | Extreme, causes impairment, situationally inappropriate, extreme duration | Transient, more responsive to redirection, more situationally driven Substance abuse | Highly specific feature – Presence helps rule in diagnosis. Assess even though family may not consider it part of presenting problem |
A.2. Irritable mood | 77% 64 to 88%) 17 studies |
Low | Irritability in context of other mood symptoms; high versus low energy irritability | Chronic oppositional behavior in absence of changes in mood or energy; Might be unipolar depression | Assess via collateral informant – self report underestimates. If collaterals deny irritability, effectively rule out BSD because of high sensitivity. Embed in context of changes in mood & energy |
B.1. Grandiosity | 57% (44 to 69%) 19 studies |
Moderately high – much lower if conduct disorder included | Episodic quality, and should fluctuate with mood. Periods of grandiosity contrasted with low self-esteem, worthlessness | More chronic, arrogant, not associated with mood is suggestive of CD/APD or adolescent overconfidence
Substance abuse |
Worth emphasizing, but probably not specific enough to elevate to required feature. Fluctuations a key feature in discerning from CD/APD. |
Increased Energy | 79% (61 to 93%) 8 studies Highest sensitivity in meta-analysis |
Low for “high energy” – which is also common in ADHD; episodic periods of high energy would be more specific to mood disorder | Higher if ask about fluctuation or change; low if ask about chronic (b/c common feature with ADHD) | Chronic high motor activity | Need to assess as change in functioning from youth’s typical behavior. Episodic quality is more specific to bipolar. Focus on energy versus motor activity for self-report (2002); change in motor activity for collaterals. |
Nonspecific Symptoms (in Descending Order of Sensitivity to BSD) | |||||
Pressured Speech | 63% (49 to 77%) 18 studies |
Unclear. Carlson (Carlson, 2002) raises issue of expressive language problems; but not evaluated yet in published samples | Episodic quality, change from typical for youth; set against slowed or impoverished speech during depression | Chronically “chatty” or talkative more suggestive of ADHD | Emphasize changes from typical functioning embedded in shifts of mood or energy |
Racing Thoughts | 61% (45 to 76%) 15 studies |
Good if embed in mood context | Ask about imagery as well as words | Distinguish from expressive language disorder
Substance abuse, meds |
|
Decreased need for sleep | 56% (46 to 67%) 19 studies |
High if framed as decreased need, not insomnia. Low if just focus on trouble falling asleep. | High energy, actively engaged in activities, does not miss sleep the next day | Decreased sleep due to stimulant use (ADHD), use of substances or medications; difficulty falling asleep with unipolar depression (versus decreased need for sleep). Depressed persons want to sleep, but cannot | Emphasize decreased need for sleep, as distinct from difficulty falling asleep (particularly due to stress or rumination). High energy, little diminution of energy despite decreased sleep |
Mood swings/lability | 76% (55 to 95%) 6 studies |
High – based on PGBI, CBCL, Conners items | Frequent, intense, with periods of long duration | May be induced by substance abuse, medications, medical/neurological illnesses, borderline personality traits, disruptive disorders | Parent report highly sensitive. BSD unlikely if parent denies. Specificity appears promising, based on multiple scales. Conceptualize as mixed state with volatile mood. |
Hypersexuality | 32% (23 to 42%) 12 studies |
High – typically either pediatric BSD or sexual abuse | Hypersexuality not characteristic, embedded in episodes of energy/mood; has pleasure-seeking quality | Sexual Abuse—linked to trauma, perhaps more seductive/re-enacting quality than sensation-seeking;
pornography exposure; actual sex |
Insensitive to BSD, so absence not informative. Highly specific: Presence should trigger careful assessment of BSD and abuse (recognize that they could co-occur) |
Distractibility | 74% (61 to 85%) 17 studies |
Low – ADHD, unipolar, anxiety, PTSD, and low cognitive functioning all show this, too | Higher if ask about change from typical, embed in context of mood | Chronic problems much more suggestive of ADHD or neurological impairment | Probably important to assess via collateral instead of self-report. High sensitivity could make negative collateral helpful at ruling out bipolar. |
Poor judgment | 61% (45 to 76%) 17 studies |
Moderate | Episodic, embedded in mood/energy | Impulsive or accident-prone, clumsy | Episodic, sensation-seeking may be most specific presentation |
Flight of Ideas | 54% (42 to 66%) 12 studies |
Moderate | (Speech problems again) substance abuse, medication-induced | ||
Increased sociability/people-seeking/overfamiliarity
(ICD10, p. 113); Added to WASH-U KSADS; |
41% (27 to 56%) 7 studies |
Unknown | Could be the positive affect, could be sensation seeking | Needs investigation |
a Sensitivity estimates from Van Meter, Burke, Kowatch, et al. (2016) meta-analysis.
Psych intensive (discuss • contribs) 21:16, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
Bipolar Chapter - Table 8
[edit source]
|
Cut Scores* | Critical Change
(Unstandardized Scores) |
Minimally Important Difference (MID) d ~.5 | ||||
A | B | C | 95% | 90% | SEdifference | ||
Benchmarks Based on Published Norms | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CBCL T-Scores (2001 Norms) | |||||||
Externalizing | 49 | 70 | 58 | 7 | 6 | 3.4 | 5 |
Internalizing | n/a | 70 | 56 | 9 | 7 | 4.5 | 5 |
Attention Problems | n/a | 66 | 58 | 8 | 7 | 4.2 | 5 |
TRF T-Scores (2001 Norms) | |||||||
Externalizing | n/a | 70 | 56 | 6 | 5 | 3.0 | 5 |
Internalizing | n/a | 70 | 55 | 9 | 7 | 4.4 | 5 |
Attention Problems | n/a | 66 | 57 | 5 | 4 | 2.3 | 5 |
YSR T-Scores (2001 Norms) | |||||||
Externalizing | n/a | 70 | 54 | 9 | 8 | 4.6 | 5 |
Internalizing | n/a | 70 | 54 | 9 | 8 | 4.8 | 5 |
Benchmarks Based on Outpatient Samples | |||||||
PGBI-10Ma | 1 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3.2 | 3 |
CMRS 10b | -- | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2.3 | 2 |
PGBI-10Daa | -- | 7 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 3.0 | 3 |
PGBI-10Dba | -- | 7 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 2.9 | 3 |
AGBI-10Mc | -- | 14 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 3.1 | 3 |
AGBI-10Dac | -- | 18 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 3.2 | 3 |
AGBI-10Dbc | -- | 16 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 2.9 | 4 |
7 Upc | -- | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2.2 | 3 |
7 Downc | -- | 12 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2.3 | 3 |
KMRSb | 19 | 19 | 19 | 3 | 3 | 1.6 | 3 |
KDRSb | 12 | 19 | 18 | 5 | 4 | 2.4 | 3 |
CDRS-R Totala | -- | 24 | 22 | 6 | 5 | 2.9 | 5 |
YMRS Totala | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1.8 | 3 |
* “A” = Away from the clinical range, “B” = Back into the nonclinical range, “C” = Closer to the nonclinical than clinical mean.
The outpatient samples use all cases with BSD for the clinical reference group for mania measures, and any mood disorder as the reference for depression measures.
aData from (E. A. Youngstrom, A. Van Meter, et al., 2018).
bData from (E A Youngstrom et al., 2005).
cData from (Eric A. Youngstrom, Halverson, Youngstrom, Lindhiem, & Findling, 2018).
Psych intensive (discuss • contribs) 21:17, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
Table 6. Multilevel DiLR for Short Forms, Using 10M to Predict Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, and 10da and 10db to Predict Any Mood Disorder
[edit source]Risk Change Label | 10M for Bipolar | 10Da for Any Mood | 10Db for Any Mood | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Score Range | DiLR | Score Range | DiLR | Score Range | DiLR | |
Very Low | 0-2.59 | .07 | 0-1.99 | .25 | 0-1.99 | .22 |
Low | 2.6-6.99 | .41 | 2-5.99 | .71 | 2-5.99 | .71 |
Neutral | 7-10.99 | 1.44 | 6-9.99 | 1.85 | 6-10.99 | 2.69 |
High | 11-17.99 | 2.39 | 10-14.99 | 4.52 | 11-14.99 | 5.64 |
Very High | 18+ | 5.38 | 15+ | 8.80 | 15+ | 8.09 |