Talk:Effect of hydrogen bond on RNA

RNA is also known as ribonucleic acid. It is a part of most living organisms as well as viruses. It contains bases of Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil (instead of Thymine) which all bind to the ribose. RNA can be used to make DNA as well as synthesize proteins. It is the only polymer that can serve as a catalyst to the formation of proteins as well as storing genetic information. The RNA backbone is made of alternating ribose-phosphate groups. RNA can be found usually single stranded in humans, but can appear double stranded in many other organisms, including viruses. Some viruses have RNA as their primary genetic material. They are known as RNA viruses. These viruses infect cells by first binding to a specific protein or receptor on the surface of the cell. After binding to the cell's surface, the virus injects its genetic material, or RNA, into the cell. The viral RNA, then, associates with the ribosomes of the infected cell. Essentially, a virus seizes control of its host's molecular machinery, uses the host cell's transcriptional abilities to produce viral proteins. The newly-made viral proteins then goes on to produce new viruses. Furthermore, viral RNA can form replication complexes where it can copy itself. This newly-replicated RNA then gets packaged into the newly created viruses, which leads the cell to lyse, or break open. Consequently, these released viruses can go on to infect other cells. RNA is nucleic acid, and its single-stranded, helical structure is constructed by nucleotides of nitrogenous bases, ribose sugar, and phosphate group; the bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, for which, 1’ nitrogen of pyrimidine base and 9’ nitrogen of purines base are bonded to 1’carbon of pentose sugar by glycosidic bond; base pairs of adenine and uracil and of cytosine and guanine are bonded by hydrogen bonds; the ribose is a pentose sugar of carbon numbered from 1’ to 5’ and has a hydroxyl group on the 2’ carbon; the 3’ and 5’ carbons of ribose sugar are bonded to phosphate group by phosphodiester bond; more importantly, the structure is of A-form geometry, which is constructed as of vast and thin major groove and of flat and broad minor groove, the structure can fold on itself to form secondary structure, such as tRNA and rRNA, and the secondary structure that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds, domains of loops, and metal ions, such as Mg 2+, form specific tertiary form.

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