Refresher/csharp

This is a refresher course for those who need to review basic knowledge of C# (csharp).

Basic Concepts

Comment styles: Single-line (//), multi-line (/* */) and XML documentation comments (///)
delegate (function pointers in C++): an object encapsulates reference to a method
HashTable: datatype allowing data retrieval by unique key
Interface: an approach to multiple inheritance, contains only abstract members (events, methods, properties) and no constants, data fields, constructors, and destructors
multicast delegate: a delegate that points to and eventually fires off several methods
Three-tier: presentation (UI), business (logic and underlying code) and data (from storage or other sources) layers

Debug vsTrace class: debug builds only or both debug and release builds
Localization namespaces: System.Globalization and System.Resources
System.Array.CopyTo() vs System.Array.Clone(): deep vs shallow copy of an array
System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String: more efficient when a lot of manipulation is done to the text

ACID rule of thumb for transactions: Transaction must be Atomic (independent off other transactions), Consistent (committed or roll back), Isolated (other transactions cannot see intermediate results), Durable (values persist if committed)
ASP.NET Web application debugging: attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger
Assembly deployment: MSI installer, CAB archive, and XCOPY command
Descending sorting: by calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods
Immediate window in VS.IDE: change value of a variable while debugging a C# application
Test cases in unit testing: Positive, negative and exception
try { control transfer only after finally block executed } catch (Exception ex) { } finally { executed if no exceptions but exceptions herein are not handled }

SQL Server authentication: untrusted as username and password are not checked with the Active Directory
Windows Authentication: trusted as username and password are checked with the Active Directory

Class inheritance: colon + base class
Private class-level variables: inherited but not accessible
Value: keyword for implicit input name of the set method in object classes
Protected class-level variables: available to classes in the same namespace
Protected internal: available to derived classes, and classes within the same Assembly, and the base class
Default constructor: disappears when any constructor is written
System.Object: top .NET class that everything is derived from
Method overriding: changing the method behavior for a derived class
Virtual method: can be over-ridden but cannot change method signature
Sealed class (in Java, final class): cannot be inherited
Sealed method: method cannot be inherited but class can when not sealed
Abstract class methods: not all must be abstract, some can be concrete
Abstract class required when at least one of the methods in the class is abstract
Abstract method: require non-abstract derived classes to provide their own implementation of this method
Interface class? an abstract class with public abstract methods all of which must be implemented in the inherited classes
Interface class methods: all must be abstract and public and thus accessibility modifiers not needed
Multiple interfaces: can be inherited
Namespace class: classes are declared inside a namespace

Delegate: a class -- usable if declared and instantiated
Delegate use: passed around as a parameter, and invoked by the receiving object
Delegate example 1: success = MyAddressProvider.HandleCampaign(WhatToDoWithAddresses)
Delegate example 2: MyMenuItem.Click += new System.Windows.RoutedEventHandlerMyMenuItem_Click)

Singleton design pattern: interface allowing a class to enforce single instantiation
C# singleton example: http://www.dotnetperls.com/singleton