Parkinson's Symptoms/Stalevo

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STALEVO ® is widely prescribed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and some Parkinson's_Plus syndromes.

Active ingredients

Carbidopa, is an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation, and is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 244.3. It is designated chemically as (—)-L-α-hydrazino-α-methyl-β-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene) propamic acid monohydrate. Its empirical formula is C₁₀H₁₄N_2O4•H_2O.

Entacapone is somewhat similar to carbidopa or benserazide, in that it is an inhibitor of an enzyme that converts L-DOPA into a compound that cannot cross the blood brain barrier.

Levodopa, an aromatic amino acid, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 197.2. It is designated chemically as (—)-L-α-amino-β-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene) propanic acid. Its empirical formula is C₉H₁₁NO₄

Inactive ingredients

croselcarmellose sodium

magnesium stearate

maize starch]

manitol (E421)

povidone K30 (E1201)

glycerol (422)

hypromellose

polysorbate 80

red iron oxide (E172)

sucrose

titanium dioxide (E171)

yellow iron oxide (E172)

Most common adverse reactions to STALEVO

Dystonia (Uncontrolled movements)

Nausea

Paranoia and psychotic symptoms

Depression (possibly with thoughts of suicide)

Amnesia and cognitive deficits

Less common adverse reactions to STALEVO

Irregular heart rate and rhythm

Light headedness or fainting due to low blood pressure

Dizziness

Drowsiness

Sudden worsening of Parkinson's symptoms

Loss of appetite

Vomiting

Bleeding in the gut

Ulcers

Abdominal pain

Dry mouth

Constipation

Diarrhoea

High blood pressure

Inflammation of the veins in the legs

Insomnia

Hallucinations

Confusion

Unpleasant dreams

Tiredness

Muscle cramps

Sweating

Falls postural instability)

Changes in blood cells

Fainting

Infections

Bleeding

Chest pain

Shortness of breath

Tingling or numbness

Convulsions

Rare or very rare effects

Agitation

Itching and rashes

Weight loss or gain

vision disturbances

Muscle cramps

Drug interactions

Selective MAO-A plus MAO- inhibitors

>non-selective MAO inhibitors (e.g. Moclobemide-aka Aurorix and Manerix.}

noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (e.g. Desipramine- aka Desmethylimipramine; Maprotiline aka -Deprilept, Ludiomil, Psymion; Venlaxafine - aka Effexor or Efexor )

tricycline antidepressants (e.g. Amitryptiline - aka Tryptomer, Elavil, Tryptizol, Laroxyl, Saroten, Sarotex, Lentizol, Endep)

Paroxetine aka Aropax, Paxil, Pexeva, Seroxat, Sereupin

Isoprenaline aka Isoproterenol, Medihaler-Iso and Isupre

Dopamine

Dobutamine

Alpha-methyldopa

Apomorphine aka Apokyn, Ixense, Spontane, Uprima]]

rimiterole

Dopamine antagonists

Phenytoin

Papaverine

iron supplements

Adrenaline

Further reading

Search the scientific literature (Stalevo)
Literature search: Use the following links to query the PubMed, PubMed Central and Google Scholar databases using the Search terms:- Parkinson's_Disease Stalevo. This will list the latest papers on this topic. You are invited to update this page to reflect such recent results, pointing out their significance. Pubmed (abstracts) Pubmed_Central (Full_Text) Google_Scholar

(current)

U.S. Food and Drugs Administration report on Stalevo, http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm206513.htm

(2010)

Podcast for Healthcare Professionals:Ongoing Safety Review of Stalevo (entacapone/carbidopa/levodopa) and possible development of Prostate Cancer http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugSafetyPodcasts/ucm207688.htm

FDA Drug Safety Communication: Ongoing Safety Review of Stalevo and possible increased cardiovascular risk http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm223060.htm

FDA Drug Safety Podcast for Healthcare Professionals: Ongoing Safety Review of Stalevo and possible increased cardiovascular risk http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugSafetyPodcasts/ucm223620.htm

FDA Drug Safety Communication: Ongoing Safety Review of Stalevo (entacapone/carbidopa/levodopa) and possible development of Prostate Cancer http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm206363.htm

Eurpean Medicines Agency report on stalevo. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/000511/human_med_001063.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124