Learning the Basics of Landan/Learn the tenses

This page is designed as an introduction to the main tenses used in Landan. As of yet it is unfinished but we hope to cover, present, perfect, imperfect, future, near future, conditional, past historic and compound tenses.

Present Tense

In Landan, verbs in the infinitive end in -en, or -n

	EN	N
	Nehmen, to call, to name	Lehdn, to let
ig tu se sie nor ye sun Jau	nehme nehmst nehmt nehmt naamen naame nehmen naame	leht lest let let lessen lesse lehdn lesse

Pronouns-

• ig - I
• tu - you
• se - he
• sie - she
• nor - we
• ye - you (plural or singular polite)
• sun - they
• Jau (formal you) - you

Perfect Tense

The perfect tense is used to describe an action in the past that has been completed

The Past Tense is formed by the Auxiliary Verb and the Past Participle

Auxiliary Verb

This is a 'helping' verb (eg. the have in 'I have danced') and in Landan we either use Eßn or Heben.

In case you don't know all of these verbs here they are in present tense, and below they're given in the perfect tense-

	Heben (to have)	Eßn (to be)
ig tu se sie nor ye sun Jau	hebe hebst hebt hebt haben habe heben habe	ben bis is is essen esse eßn esse

	Heben (to have)	Eßn (to be)
ig tu se sie nor ye sun Jau	habte habst habt habt hatten hatte hatten hatte	war wes wis wis send sand send sand

The Perfect Infinitive

The perfect infinitive is formed with the infinitive of eßn or haben and the past participle.

The most frequent use of the perfect infinitive is with drutz.....heben or drutz.....eßn, meaning after having.

Drutz ett heben...

After having eaten...

Past Participle

This is the part equivalent to the english verb part usually ending in -ed, (like jumped, in 'I have jumped')

This is formed differently depending on the verb ending-

• for all verbs, in the past participle, the declensions in the plural persons (except "they") are used in spelling. For instance, we saw that the verb "to watch, to witness"(kauschen) declined to "nor kuschen" (au=u). The same for "heben," the e becomes an a. In the past participle, regular verbs, and most irregular verbs adopt the prefix ge-, plus the participle endings.

Examples

kauschen - to watch yields gekuscht - watched
sukern - to search yields gesugt - chosen
flegen - to fly yields geflugt - flew


Irregular Past Participles


This is not all the irregular past participles in Landan.

eßn - bent - been
lauchen - laft - laughed
gahn - gant - gone
konnen - gekomt - knew
kannen - kann