Learn Arabic (Language Of Quran)/Diacritical

Single Diacritical marks

Fatha فَتحة
Fatha Diac

ـَ

the same of the light /A/ English sound ; it's written above the letter

Dhama ضَمّة
Dhama diac.

ـُ

the same of the light /U/ English sound ; it's written above the letter

Kasra كَسرة
Kasra Diac.

ـِ

the same of the light /I/ English sound ; it's written under the letter

Examples

ذَهَبَ = /Dahaba/ Went (verb)
يُسافِرُ = /Yusafiru/ Travels(verb)
إِقرأ = /Iqra'/ Read(verb)
وَردة = /Warda/ Flower(name)
عُلوم = /Uoloom/ Sciences(name)
كِتاب = /Kitab/ Book(name)

Double Diacritical marks (Nunation or Tanwen)

lies at the end of the word By Doubling the last diacritical of the word, representing a silent N(Noon).

Mainly added to the adjectives and Nouns for many purposes therefore, there are too many types of Tanween ,The main use of it is to define the 'undefined'(Nakira) word

Tanwenul Fath تَنوينُ الفَتحْ
How to write Tanwenul Fath

ـً

the same of the /AN/ sound ; it's written above the letter

Tanwenul Dhamتَنوينُ الضَمْ
How to write Tanwenul Dham

ـٌ

the same of the /UN/ sound ; it's written above the letter

Tanwenul Kasrتَنوينُ الكَسرْ
How to write Tanwenul Kasr

ـٍ

the same of the /IN/ sound ; it's written under the letter

Examples

أيضاً = /AydhAN/ Also(name)
قَلِيلاً = /QaleelAN/ Little(adv.)
مَّغْفِرَةٌ = /MaghfiratUN/ Forgiveness (adj.)
عَظِيمٌ = /Aَ Dَ eemUN/ Great(adj.)
سُرُرٍ = /SururIN/ Beds(name)
شَيْءٍ = /Shay'IN/ Thing(name)

Another Diacritical marks

Shadda شَدّة

ـّ

Emphasis the letter (strongly pronouncing the letter like if it is two letters);
it's written above the letter and can be mixed with the main 3 Diacriticals (Fatha, Dhama and Kasra)

Sukon سُكون

ـْ

Means there is no Diacritical on the letter, written above the letter as a small circle

Maddaمَدّة

آ

Comes above the Alif Letter , pronounced as 'A

Examples

جَنَّة = /Djanna/Paradise(name)

سَبِّحْ =/Sabbih/Praise(verb)

قُلْ = /Qul/ Say(verb)

إقْطَعْ = /Iqta'/Cut(verb)

آباء = /'Aba'/ Fathers(name)

آدم = /'Adam/ Adam(name)