Japanese I/Vocabulary/Case Markers

These are to be placed after a word to indicate case.

• wa（は） - topic marker
• ga（が） - subject
• (w)o（を） - direct object
• mo（も） - "also" (substitutes for wa, ga, or wo)
• no（の） - possessive (reverse "of"), question mark (plain)
• na（な） - marks an adjective
• de（で） - "by means of", "in"/"at" for actions
• ni（に） - indirect object, "in"/"at" for existence
• to（と） - "and", object of "say" or "think"
• ya（や） - "and" for a list
• (h)e（へ） - destination "to"
• ka（か） - question mark (polite)