Japanese I/Vocabulary/Case Markers

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These are to be placed after a word to indicate case.

  • wa(は) - topic marker
  • ga(が) - subject
  • (w)o(を) - direct object
  • mo(も) - "also" (substitutes for wa, ga, or wo)
  • no(の) - possessive (reverse "of"), question mark (plain)
  • na(な) - marks an adjective
  • de(で) - "by means of", "in"/"at" for actions
  • ni(に) - indirect object, "in"/"at" for existence
  • to(と) - "and", object of "say" or "think"
  • ya(や) - "and" for a list
  • (h)e(へ) - destination "to"
  • ka(か) - question mark (polite)