Introduction to US History/Quiz Review 1

Quiz 1 covers Exploration, Life in the Colonies thru the Great Awakening, and the French & Indian War. It does not include the American Revolution.

1. Exploration & Discovery

A. The Portuguese had been successful in trans-Atlantic explorations long before the Spanish & English explorers “discovered” America. Discuss how the Portuguese used Africa to enrich their nation
- A. Slaves; used slaves for sugar plantation; African ivory and gold
B. Which technology made it possible (describe/list, new technologies)
- B. Advanced maps, advanced ships (squared sails, improving aerodynamics; could transport weapons), good compasses, advanced astronomy
C. Give an example of North American Indians’ ability to utilize land efficiently
- C. Three-Sisters planting method
D. What was Christopher Columbus looking for when he sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean? Do you consider him a success or a failure? Why?
- D. A pathway to Asia; yes, he's a success because he elevated Spain's reputation and found new land
E. How did Spanish colonization of the New World differ from that of the British and/or French?
- E. Spanish never intended on making peace with the natives, as opposed to the British (Algonquin) and French (Iroquois)
F. Define the “Columbian Exchange.” List some of the products (not all) that were transported back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean.
- F. Columbian Exchange: Exchange of ideas, items, and crops between the New World and the Old World; slaves, cattle, and diseases went from Old to New, while crops (squash, beans, corn) and animals (turkeys) went from New to Old.

A. Why were so many Europeans willing to risk everything & relocate to an unknown world, with uncertain results?
- A. There are many reasons why Englishmen went to America: wealth, fame, religious freedom, no social classes and promised improvement in government/economy.
B. Law of Primogeniture
- B. Right of the firstborn male child to inherit the land after the "head of the family" passed away. A way to acquire land.
C. What was the first English attempt to colonize America? (hint: it failed)
- C. Roanoke Colony

A. It was established how? (Joint-stock Company) What does that mean?
- A. Through a Joint-stock company, where investors bankroll the colony (low risk, limited liability, used to finance something expensive).
B. List, explain, and describe 4 specific events that took place in Jamestown in 1619.
- B. 1. House of Burgesses, the first form of local government in the New World. 2. Tobacco officially became a trade crop 3. Indentured servants/slaves became a norm 4. Women arrived and were sold for 125lb for tobacco

A. How were they different, how were they the same?
- A. Both were servants and tend to fields as labor, but indentured were temporary while slaves were permanent
B. Why did the system of indentured servitude fail?
- B. Because they needed permanent labor for the ongoing demand of tobacco/crop fields
C. Why were slaves brought to the English colonies and why was it accepted more frequently in southern colonies?
- C. Slaves were brought to the English colonies because of the demand for labor; accepted in the South because the South was agricultural based and needed slaves to tend to them

A. How did Northern colonies differ from their Southern counterparts?
- A. North was moderate, led to longer life-span, factories/manufacturing; The South was humid, shorter life-span, and agricultural based
B. What did William Penn’s Pennsylvania colony have in common with Lord Baltimore’s colony of Maryland? [there are multiple things they have in common]
- B. Steps to religious toleration, place for religious refugees and made a profit in America
C. 2 colonies “purchased” land from Native Americans despite there being no legal need to do so, (in the eyes of the British). Name 1 of the 2 colonies.
- C. Pennsylvania