Inner product/K/Norm/Properties/Fact/Proof

Proof

The first two properties follow directly from the definition of an inner product.
The compatibility with multiplication follows from

${}\Vert {\lambda v}\Vert ^{2}=\left\langle \lambda v,\lambda v\right\rangle =\lambda \left\langle v,\lambda v\right\rangle =\lambda {\overline {\lambda }}\left\langle v,v\right\rangle =\vert {\lambda }\vert ^{2}\Vert {v}\Vert ^{2}\,.$

In order to prove the triangle estimate, we write

${}{\begin{aligned}\Vert {v+w}\Vert ^{2}&=\left\langle v+w,v+w\right\rangle \\&=\Vert {v}\Vert ^{2}+\Vert {w}\Vert ^{2}+\left\langle v,w\right\rangle +{\overline {\left\langle v,w\right\rangle }}\\&=\Vert {v}\Vert ^{2}+\Vert {w}\Vert ^{2}+2\operatorname {Re} \,{\left(\left\langle v,w\right\rangle \right)}\\&\leq \Vert {v}\Vert ^{2}+\Vert {w}\Vert ^{2}+2\vert {\left\langle v,w\right\rangle }\vert .\end{aligned}}$

Due to fact, this is ${}\leq {\left(\Vert {v}\Vert +\Vert {w}\Vert \right)}^{2}$. This estimate transfers to the square roots.

To fact