Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pileolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich. 

PI'LEOLUS (πιλίδιον). Diminutive of pileus: a small and shallow skull-cap, made of felted wool, which just covered the top part of the head, leaving the hair over the forehead and at the nape of the neck entirely free (Hieron. Ep. 85. n. 6. Compare Id. Ep. 64. n. 13.) It was worn by the Romans as a protection for the head even indoors (Hor. Ep. i. 13. 15.); thus resembling in its use, as it did in form, the little cap (French, calotte; Italian, berrettino), which a cardinal and some of the Catholic priests put on to cover their tonsures when they take off their hats, and which is exactly similar to the example in the annexed illustration (Pileolus/1.1), from an engraved gem, believed to contain the portrait of Alexander the Great.

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  Pileolus/1.1