Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Focale

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich. 

FOCA'LE (προσγναθίδιον). A wrapper for the neck and jaws (fauces, quasi faucale), like our neck-cloth or cravat; originally only worn by delicate persons and invalids (Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 255. Quint. xi. 3. 144.), not as an ordinary part of the Roman costume, as it is of ours; but when the extension of the Empire forced the Roman soldier to endure the severities of northern climates, it seems to have been generally adopted in the army; for it is universally worn by the troops in the armies of Trajan, Antoninus, and Septimius Severus, in the manner shown by the annexed example (Focale/1.1), the ends of which hang down over the chest exactly as described by the Scholiast on Horace (l. c.), a collis dependentia, ad fovendum collum, et fauces contra, frigus muniendas.

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  Focale/1.1