Helping Give Away Psychological Science/What We Wish They Knew: 13 Reasons Why
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13 Reasons Why (stylized onscreen as Th1rteen R3asons Why) is an American drama-mystery web television series based on the 2007 novel Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher and adapted by Brian Yorkey for Netflix. The series revolves around a high school student, Clay Jensen, and his friend Hannah Baker, a girl who died by suicide after suffering a series of demoralizing circumstances brought on by select individuals at her school. A box of cassette tapes recorded by Hannah before her suicide details thirteen reasons why she ended her life.
While the TV series indeed serves as a "conversation starter" concerning mental illness and suicide, there is concern for whether it lays the groundwork for a productive conversation. There are many troubling elements of the TV series, including its failure to demonstrate the availability of adequate, evidence-based mental healthcare and counseling. According to the NIMH, suicide is the second leading cause of death for 15-34 year-olds and the third leading cause of death for people aged 10-14.[1] The NIMH also estimates that 20% of children will develop a mental health disorder in their lifetime, affecting 17.1 million children. Suicide and mental health disorders are significant risks to adolescents, many of whom have watched the 13 Reasons Why series. Thus, it is critical that resources be provided in order to better educate audiences about the themes in this series and address the negatively framed depiction of mental health treatment in the series.
For more information about Hannah Baker from a clinician's point of view including her diagnosis, treatment, what to look for, resources for individual's struggling with depression, suicidal ideation, self-harm, or family/friends of loved ones struggling, how to help someone like Hannah, and evidence-based assessment for someone like Hannah Baker please visit:
Hannah Baker's Evidence-Based Assessment Vignette
| Themes | Key Resources |
|---|---|
| Suicide | |
| Sexual assault | National Sexual Assault Hotline
National Teen Dating Abuse Online Helpline
|
| Bullying |
|
If you click on one of the themes in the table above, you can find a list of resources related to the topic. An in-depth look at the themes in each episode in the sections that follow.
How to Access Mental Health Care and Treatment
[edit | edit source]How to get help now
[edit | edit source]National Hopeline 1-800-442-4673
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline 1-800-273-8255
Ted talk link: https://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_breel_confessions_of_a_depressed_comic
How to Help Someone Like Hannah
[edit | edit source]When someone is struggling with suicidal thoughts, depression, or mental illness it is important to approach the situation a certain way, not like Mr. Porter did with Hannah Baker. Below are some resources to help you get a friend, family member, colleague, acquaintance or partner to a stable point or out of dangers way before getting them connected to professional help.
- Here is an infographic describing 5 mental health first aid steps on how to assess for risks, listen non-judgmentally, encourage professional help and self-help: Helping Someone At Risk[2][3]
- Here is an infographic describing common warning signs for people experiencing suicidal ideation: Warning Signs for Suicidal Ideation
- Infographic on what is best to say and what you shouldn't say to a friend experiencing depression: 13 Things To Say & 13 Things Not To Say To A Friend With Depression[4][5][6][7][8][9]
- Click this link to see what to look for to help you assess for risk: What to look for
Season 1
[edit | edit source]Episode 1: Tape 1, Side A
[edit | edit source]Coping with loss from suicide
- Resources from the Mayo Clinic on how to deal with emotions that can surface due to the event as well as healthy coping strategies.
- This resource addresses similar coping strategies and how to seek support from others/ how to help a friend who might be struggling with a loss due to suicide.
Cyberbullying
- 1-800-273-8255 National Suicide Hotline (can be made specific for cyberbullying)
- 1-866-488-7386 LGBTQ Help Hotline
- Stop Bullying Now Hotline 1-800-273-8255 available 24/7
- https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/prevention/index.html
- https://www.helpguide.org/articles/abuse/cyberbullying.htm
- http://www.cyberbullyhotline.com
- https://cyberbullying.org/get-help
- Spreading compromising pictures is harmful. The resource below has ideas for how teens and parents can help individuals struggling with the effects of cyberbullying and how to prevent it.
Episode 2: Tape 1, Side B
[edit | edit source]Depression
- SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)
- National Helpline 1-800-662-4357 available 24/7
- Crisis Text Line : Text "HOME" to 741741
- https://www.nami.org/learn-more/mental-health-conditions/depression/support
- https://www.helpguide.org/articles/depression/helping-someone-with-depression.htm
- Anxiety and Depression Association of America 1-240-485-1001
Bullying
- https://www.cybersmile.org/advice-help/category/who-to-call
- Bully Project Tools for Educators
- Bully Project Tools for Students
- Bully Project Tools for Parents
- http://www.voicesofyouth.org/en/posts/how-to-avoid-being-bullied
- http://www.stompoutbullying.org/information-and-resources/about-bullying-and-cyberbullying/are-you-being-bullied
- https://www.stopbullying.gov/what-you-can-do/teens/index.html
- https://www.ncab.org.au/bullying-advice/bullying-for-parents/types-of-bullying/
- Crisis Text Line: Text Hello to 741741
- https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resource_Centers/Bullying_Resource_Center/Home.aspx
Social Relationships/ Domestic Violence?
- National Domestic Violence Hotline 1-800-799-7233
- Domestic Violence Resource Center 503-469-8620
- The Gateway Center for Domestic Violence Services 503-988-6400
- National Dating Abuse Helpline 1-866-331-9474
- https://www.joinonelove.org/signs-unhealthy-relationship/
- https://www.helpguide.org/articles/abuse/domestic-violence-and-abuse.htm
- http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/abuse.html
- https://youth.gov/youth-topics/teen-dating-violence/characteristics
Substance Misuse
- SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) National Hotline 1-800-662-4357
- https://alcoholaddictioncenter.org/alcoholism-resources/
- https://drughelpline.org/
- https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/treatment/what-to-do-if-you-have-problem-drugs-teens-young-adults
- National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information 1-800-729-6686
- National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence 1-800-622-2255
- https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/treatment/what-to-do-if-you-have-problem-drugs-teens-young-adults
- https://www.alcoholrehabguide.org/resources/
- https://www.cdc.gov/features/teen-substance-use/index.html
- https://www.addictionsandrecovery.org/addiction-recovery-links.htm
- https://alcoholtreatment.niaaa.nih.gov
Episode 3: Tape 2, Side A
[edit | edit source]Bullying
- see above
Physical Violence
- https://medlineplus.gov/teenviolence.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/fastfact.html
- https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Understanding-Violent-Behavior-In-Children-and-Adolescents-055.aspx
Substance Misuse
- see above
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Grief
- https://psychcentral.com/grief
- The Dougy National Center for Grieving Children and Families
- Hospice Foundation of America
- http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/grief.aspx
- https://www.bereavedparentsusa.org
- https://www.helpguide.org/articles/grief/coping-with-grief-and-loss.htm
Sexual Violence
- https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/how-to-report/index.html
- Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network
- National Sexual Assault Hotline 1-800-656-4673
- National Street Harassment Hotline 1-855-897-5910
- National Sex Offender Public Website
- National Teen Dating Abuse Online Helpline
- Rape Culture and Victim Blaming
- https://www.nsvrc.org/about-sexual-assault
- https://www.rainn.org/state-state-guide-statutes-limitations
Episode 4: Tape 2, Side B
[edit | edit source]Stalking Concerns
- http://www.actionagainststalking.org/dealing-with-your-stalker.html
- http://thelawdictionary.org/article/how-to-deal-with-a-stalker/
Suicidal Thoughts
- Call 911 if you are experience a suicidal emergency
- National Suicide Prevention Hotline 1-800-273-8255
- Crisis TextLine - text HOME to 741741
- Counseling Access to Lethal Means (CALM)
- American Foundation for Suicide Prevention
- https://www.suicidology.org/Resources/Crisis-Centers
- http://lifelineforattemptsurvivors.org/
- https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention/index.shtml
- https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/suicide-faq/index.shtml
Bullying
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Episode 5: Tape 3, Side A:
[edit | edit source]LGBTQ Concerns
- The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender National Hotline 1-888-843-4564
- GLBT National Youth Talkline (for youth through age 25) 1-800-246-7743
- Pride Institute 1-800-547-7433
- https://prideresourcecenter.colostate.edu/resources/coming-out-to-your-parents/
- https://case.edu/lgbt/resources/safe-zone-resources/comingout/
- https://www.thetrevorproject.org/about/programs-services/coming-out-as-you/#sm.0002l4zsy17a6dp0xcy1ulwb582op
- https://uwm.edu/lgbtrc/support/coming-out/
- https://www.glaad.org/resourcelist
- https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/gay-and-lesbian-well-being/201104/what-do-when-your-child-says-im-gay
- PFLAG (Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays)
Bullying
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Episode 6: Tape 3, Side B
[edit | edit source]Sexual Violence
- see above
Physical Violence
- see above
Child/Parent Relationships
- National Domestic Violence Hotline1-800-799-SAFE (7233)
- National Child Abuse Hotline1-800-422-4453
- https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/divorce.html
Episode 7: Tape 4, Side A
[edit | edit source]Suicidal Thoughts
- see above
Bullying
- see above
Depression
- see above
How Adults can Help Teenagers struggling with Mental Illness
- https://childmind.org/article/how-to-help-your-depressed-teenager/
- https://www.helpguide.org/articles/depression/parents-guide-to-teen-depression.htm
- http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/conditions/depression-teens
- https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/five_ways_parents_can_help_prevent_teen_depression
Episode 8: Tape 4, Side B
[edit | edit source]School Pressures
- http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress-teens.aspx
- http://campusmindworks.org/students/self_care/managing_stress.asp
- https://www.learnpsychology.org/student-stress-anxiety-guide/
Episode 9: Tape 5, Side A
[edit | edit source]Substance Misuse
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Trauma
- The National Child Traumatic Stress Network
- https://www.helpguide.org/articles/ptsd-trauma/coping-with-emotional-and-psychological-trauma.htm
- http://www.istss.org/public-resources/what-is-childhood-trauma/effects-of-childhood-trauma.aspx
- https://www.verywellmind.com/shooting-ptsd-from-a-shooting-2797200
Child/Parent Relationships
- see above
Trauma from Sexual Violence
- https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline
- https://www.rainn.org/national-resources-sexual-assault-survivors-and-their-loved-ones
- https://www.d2l.org/get-help/national-resources/
- https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/sexualviolence/resources.html
- https://www.nsopw.gov/en-US/Education/HelpSupport?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
Parental Fighting
- http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/parents-fight.html
- http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/parents-fight.html
- http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fight.html
Episode 10: Tape 5, Side B
[edit | edit source]Suicidal Thoughts
- see above
Trauma
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Grief
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Bullying
- see above
Episode 11: Tape 6, Side A
[edit | edit source]Suicidal Thoughts
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Guilt
Grief
- see above
Adolescent Relationships
Emotional Parental Abuse
- https://www.heysigmund.com/toxic-parent/
- http://www.istss.org/public-resources/what-is-childhood-trauma/effects-of-childhood-trauma.aspx
Episode 12: Tape 6, Side B
[edit | edit source]Sexual Violence
- see above
Physical Violence
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Depression
- see above
Gun Violence
- https://publichealth.wustl.edu/gun-violence-initiative/gunviolence-resources/
- https://www.hrc.org/resources/gun-violence-prevention
- https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/arms-control/gun-violence/
Parental Abuse
- https://theinvisiblescar.wordpress.com/suggestions-for-adult-survivors/
- https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/culturally-speaking/201303/overcoming-the-pain-childhood-abuse-and-neglect
Episode 13: Tape 7, Side A
[edit | edit source]Suicidal Thoughts
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
School Violence
- https://www.crimestoppersusa.org/programs/crime-stoppers-in-the-schools/
- https://wetip.com/anonymous-school-tip-line/
- https://www.nasponline.org/resources-and-publications/resources-and-podcasts/school-climate-safety-and-crisis/school-violence-resources
- https://www.pta.org/home/family-resources/safety/School-Safety
- https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/schoolviolence/fastfact.html
- https://www.ncab.org.au/bullying-advice/bullying-for-parents/types-of-bullying/
Self-Injurious Behavior
- Lifeline -- Call Lifeline (131114) for Help
- https://www.smartrecovery.org/5-ways-to-deal-with-urges-and-cravings/
- https://www.helpguide.org/articles/anxiety/cutting-and-self-harm.htm
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK126779/
- https://www.befrienders.org/how-to-support-someone-who-self-h
- https://www.lifeline.org.au/get-help/topics/self-harm
Finding a good therapist
- https://clinicalchildpsychology.org/search-a-child-psychologist
- http://effectivechildtherapy.org/tips-tools/advice-for-selecting-a-psychologist/
Grief
- see above
Season 2
[edit | edit source]Episode 1: The First Polaroid
[edit | edit source]Suicidal Thoughts
- National Suicide Prevention Hotline: 1-800-273-8255
- Crisis Text Line: Text TALK to 741741 to text with a trained crisis counselor for free, 24/7.
- see above for further resources
Self-Injurious Behavior
- see above
Bullying
- see above
Grief
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Episode 2: Two Girls Kissing
[edit | edit source]Bullying
- see above
Grief
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Guilt
- see above
Relationship Difficulties
- Consider couples therapy. A therapist may be a helpful mediator that serves to help you both resolve current areas of disagreement.
- https://psychcentral.com/blog/6-steps-to-help-couples-overcome-relationship-stumbles/
Episode 3: The Drunk Slut
[edit | edit source]Self-Injurious Behavior
- see above
Grief
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Depression
- see above
LGBTQ Concerns
- see above
Episode 4: The Second Polaroid
[edit | edit source]Sexual Violence
- see above
Depression
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Episode 5: The Chalk Machine
[edit | edit source]Bullying
- see above
Grief
- see above
Depression
- see above
Trauma
- see above
Episode 6: The Smile at the End of the Dock
[edit | edit source]Sexual Violence
- see above
Episode 7: The Third Polaroid
[edit | edit source]Bullying
- see above
Grief
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Depression
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Divorce
- https://www.womansdivorce.com/state-divorce-resources.html
- https://www.divorcecare.org/findagroup
- https://www.helpguide.org/articles/parenting-family/children-and-divorce.htm/
Episode 8: The Little Girl
[edit | edit source]Bullying
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Episode 9: The Missing Page
[edit | edit source]Suicidal Thoughts
- see above
Bullying
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Gun Violence
- see above
Episode 10: Smile, Bitches!
[edit | edit source]Bullying
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
LGBTQ Concerns
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Gun Violence
- see above
Domestic Violence
- see above
Episode 11: Bryce and Chloe
[edit | edit source]Grief
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Gun Violence
- see above
Physical Violence
- see above
Episode 12: The Box of Polaroids
[edit | edit source]Grief
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Gun Violence
- see above
Domestic Violence
- see above
Episode 13: Bye
[edit | edit source]Sexual Violence
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Gun Violence
- see above
Teen Pregnancy
- Free Teen Pregnancy Hotline 1-800-672-2296
- https://americanpregnancy.org/unplanned-pregnancy/pregnant-teen/
- https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/Pages/Teenage-Pregnancy.aspx
- https://www.healthyteennetwork.org/teens/resources-pregnant-parenting-teens/
Season 3
[edit | edit source]Episode 1: Yeah. I'm the New Girl
[edit | edit source]Bullying
- see above
Interpersonal Violence
- see above
Romantic Relationships/Domestic Violence
- see above
School Violence
- see above
Family Violence
- see above
Panic/Anxiety
- Evidence-based treatments for anxiety in adolescents
- https://www.psycom.net/hidden-signs-teen-anxiety/
- Seek professional therapy services to learn coping skills for anxiety
Trauma
- see above
Episode 2: If You're Breathing, You're a Liar
[edit | edit source]Suicidal Thoughts
- see above
Bullying
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Interpersonal Violence
- see above
Depression
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Trauma
- see above
Physical Violence
- see above
Teen Pregnancy
- see above
Episode 3: The Good Person is Indistinguishable From the Bad
[edit | edit source]Trauma from Sexual Violence
- see above
Homicidal Thoughts
- https://psychcentral.com/ask-the-therapist/2015/12/31/homicidal-thoughts/
- https://psychcentral.com/ask-the-therapist/2016/02/21/i-need-help-for-my-homicidal-thoughts/
- https://psychcentral.com/ask-the-therapist/2018/08/07/having-suicidal-and-homicidal-thoughts/
Domestic Violence
- see above
Episode 4: Angry, Young and Man
[edit | edit source]Self-Injurious Behavior
- see above
Suicidal Thoughts
- see above
Trauma from Sexual Violence
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Gun Violence
- see above
Episode 5: Nobody's Clean
[edit | edit source]Sexual Violence
- see above
Body Image Concerns
- National Eating Disorders Association Hotline 1-800-931-2237
- https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/
- https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/recovery/self-help-tools-skills-tips/self-soothing-advice
- https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/eating-disorders/index.shtml
- Office from US Dept. of Health and Human Services on Women’s Health Hotline 1-800-994-9662
- https://www.eatingdisorder.org/eating-disorder-information/online-self-assessment/
Opioid Misuse
- Narcotics Anonymous 1-818-773-9999
- SAMHSA Hotline 1-800-662-4357
- https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/
- https://www.na.org/meetingsearch/
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/in-depth/how-opioid-addiction-occurs/art-20360372
- https://familydoctor.org/condition/opioid-addiction/
LGBTQ Concerns
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
Episode 6: You Can tell the Heart of a Man by How He Grieves
[edit | edit source]Immigration Concerns
- US Citizenship and Immigration Center 1-800-375-5283
- https://www.dhs.gov/general-immigration-resources
- https://www.dhs.gov/employment-based-immigration-resources
- https://www.dhs.gov/humanitarian-based-immigration-resources
- https://www.uscis.gov/citizenship/learners/find-help-your-community
- https://www.immigrationadvocates.org
Episode 7: There Are a Number of Problems With Clay Jensen
[edit | edit source]Gun Violence
- see above
Anger Management
- SAMHSA Hotline 1-800-662-4357
- Crisis Text Line Text HOME to 741741
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/anger-management/about/pac-20385186
- http://icallhelpline.org/chat-counseling/
- https://www.nami.org/find-support/nami-helpline
Opioid Misuse
- see above
Episode 8: In High School, Even on a Good Day, It's Hard to Tell Who's on Your Side
[edit | edit source]Verbal and Physical Violence
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Episode 9: Always Waiting for the Next Bad News
[edit | edit source]Opioid Misuse
- see above
Body Image Concerns
- see above
Gun Violence
- see above
Episode 10: The World Closing In
[edit | edit source]Police Mistrust
- Crime Stoppers USA 1-800-222-8477
- School-Based Crime Stoppers
- https://wetip.com/anonymous-school-tip-line/
- https://cops.usdoj.gov/buildingtrust
Insomnia
- National Sleep Foundation 1-703-243-1697
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 1-301-435-0199
- American Academy of Sleep Medicine 1-630-737-9700
- https://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/Resources/Looking-After-Yourself/Sleep
- https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html
- https://aasm.org/resources/factsheets/insomnia.pdf
Stress Management
- Stress and Health
- https://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/stress-symptoms-signs-and-causes.htm
- https://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/stress-management.htm
- https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stress/index.shtml
- https://www.stress.org/memberships
Immigration Concerns
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Suicidal Thoughts
- see above
Episode 11: There Are a Few Things I Haven't Told You
[edit | edit source]CyberBullying
- see above
Suicidal Thoughts
- see above
Trauma
- see above
Episode 12: And Then the Hurricane Hit
[edit | edit source]Sexual Violence
- see above
School-based Mental Health Support
- Seek help from school counselors and school social workers
- https://www.mentalhealth.gov/talk/educators
- http://www.acmh-mi.org/get-help/navigating/problems-at-school/
- https://www.wgu.edu/heyteach/article/importance-mental-health-awareness-schools1810.html
- https://wetip.com/anonymous-school-tip-line/
Police Mistrust
- see above
Women's Rights
- Center for Women and Families 1-844-237-2331
- Battered Women's Justice Project 1-800-903-0111
- Legal Momentum's Immigrant Women Program 202-326-0004
- National Sexual Assault Helpline 1-800-656-4673
- National Organization for Women 202-628-8669
- https://www.globalfundforwomen.org/womens-human-rights/
- https://www.aclu.org/issues/womens-rights
- https://www.womenforwomen.org/contact-us
Sexual Violence
- see above
Episode 13: Let the Dead Bury the Dead
[edit | edit source]LGBTQ Concerns
- see above
Self-Injurious Behavior
- see above
Gun Violence
- see above
Sexual Violence
- see above
Immigration Concerns
- see above
Opioid Misuse
- see above
Suicidal Thoughts
- see above
Substance Misuse
- see above
- ↑ "NIMH » Suicide". www.nimh.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- ↑ "Mental Health First Aid: Helping Those Experiencing a Mental Health Crisis | Hartford HealthCare Medical Group". hartfordhealthcaremedicalgroup.org. Retrieved 2019-02-08.
- ↑ Kim, Hannah; Choplin, Emma; Commodore, Ellison; Vincent, Caroline (2019-02-07). Mental Health First Aid (in en). doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/2NCZ3. https://osf.io/2ncz3/.
- ↑ Schimelpfening, Nancy. "What to Say When Someone Is Depressed". Verywell Mind. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
- ↑ "ScienceDirect". www.sciencedirect.com. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.09.001. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
- ↑ read, Psych Central Staff Last updated: 8 Oct 2018~ 3 min (2016-05-17). "Worst Things to Say to Someone Who's Depressed". Psych Central. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
- ↑ Ironside, V. (1999, Feb 04). Dilemmas: Can I help my depressed friend? The Independent Retrieved from http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/312811431?accountid=14244
- ↑ "ScienceDirect". www.sciencedirect.com. doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2013.11.001. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
- ↑ "SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research". SAGE Journals. doi:10.1177/1049732312450367. Retrieved 2019-02-28.