Genes linked to psychopathy

Six genes have be shown to influence the risk of developing psychopathy: ANKK1, DRD2, DRD4, MAOA, COMT,and 5-HTTLPR. Individual expression of psychopathy related phenotypes depend on which combination of alleles are inherited in addition to environmental factors. In order to be at an elevated risk of psychopathy, an individual must inherit at least four psychopathy related alleles located at, at least, three different loci.

Genes linked to psychopathy
Loci					Characteristics
ANKK1	DRD2	MAOA	COMT	5-HTTLPR	Basal endophenotype	phenotype
Taq1 A2 allele	957T allele				calm
Taq1 A1 allele	957C allele				anxious	posttraumatic stress disorder
	957C/C genotype				impulsive	schizophrenia
Taq1 A1 allele	957C/C genotype				dissocial	dissocial personality disorder
		low activity				warrior
			low activity			emotionally labile
				long		leader
Taq1 A1 allele	957C/C genotype	low activity			dissocial	antisocial personality disorder
Taq1 A1 allele	957C/C genotype		low activity		dissocial	borderline personality disorder
Taq1 A1 allele	957C/C genotype			long	dissocial	narcissistic personality disorder
Taq1 A1 allele	957C/C genotype	low activity	low activity		dissocial	sadistic personality disorder
Taq1 A1 allele	957C/C genotype	low activity		long	dissocial	histrionic personality disorder
Taq1 A1 allele	957C/C genotype		low activity	long	dissocial	Munchausen by proxy
Taq1 A1 allele	957T allele		low activity	long	anxious	Munchausen syndrome

DRD2

In addition to the DRD2 957C/C genotype, the DRD2 Taq1 B allele and polymorphisms in the promoter region of the DRD4 gene have also have been linked to psychopathy. This suggests that the dissocial and impulsive basal endophenotypes can be subdivided into at least seven subtypes: 1a, 1b, 1c, 2, 3a, 3b, and 3c.

Impulsive/dissocial subtypes
DRD2		DRD4	Subtype
957 locus	Taq1 B locus	-616 locus
C/C genotype	B1 allele-negative	-616G allele	1a
T allele	B1 allele-positive	-616G allele	1b
C/C genotype	B1 allele-positive	-616G allele	1c
T allele	B1 allele-negative	-616C/C genotype	2
C/C genotype	B1 allele-negative	-616C/C genotype	3a
T allele	B1 allele-positive	-616C/C genotype	3b
C/C genotype	B1 allele-positive	-616C/C genotype	3c

Further reading

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