General Biology/Animal Development
- A Body-Building Plan
- model organism;
- embryonic development;
- Stem cell
Fertilization and cleavage initiate embryonic development
[edit | edit source]Fertilization
[edit | edit source]- fertilization;
- acrosomal reaction; acrosome; acrosomal process;
- fast block to polyspermy;
- cortical reaction;
- slow block to polyspermy;
- formation of the fertilization envelope;
- egg activation;
- fertilization in mammals;
- zona pellucida;
Cleavage
[edit | edit source]- cleavage; blastomeres; blastula; blastocoel;
- cleavage pattern in frogs;
- yolk; vegetal pole; animal pole;
- cleavage furrow;
- cleavage patterns in other animals;
- holoblastic;
- meroblastic;
- regulation of cleavage;
Morphogenesis in animals involves specific changes in cell shape, position, and survival
[edit | edit source]- morphogenesis; gastrulation; organogenesis;
Gastrulation
[edit | edit source]- gastrula; germ layers; ectoderm; endoderm; mesoderm;
- gastrulation in sea urchins;
- archenteron; blastopore;
- gastrulation in frogs;
- gastrulation in chicks;
- epiblast; hypoblast; primitive streak;
- gastrulation in humans;
- Developmental Adaptations of Amniotes
- amniotes; embryo;
Organogenesis
[edit | edit source]- neurulation;
- notochord; neural plate; induction;
- neural tube; spina bifida;
- cell migration in organogenesis;
- neural crest; somites;
- organogenesis in chicks and insects;
Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
[edit | edit source]- cytoskeleton;
- convergent extension;
- cell adhesion molecules; extracellular matrix (ECM);
- programmed cell death; apoptosis;
Cytoplasmic determinants and inductive signals contribute to cell fate specification
[edit | edit source]- determination; differentiation;
- developmental biology;
Fate Mapping
[edit | edit source]- fate maps;
- axis formation;
- position of the anterior-posterior axis;
- cortical rotation;
- restricting developmental potential;
- totipotency;
Cell Fate Determination and Pattern Formation by Inductive Signals
[edit | edit source]- “organizer” of Spemann and Mangold;
- formation of the vertebrate limb; pattern formation; positional information;
- apical ectodermal ridge (AER);
- zone of polarizing activity (ZPA);
Cilia and Cell Fate
[edit | edit source]- tationary primary cilia, or monocilia;
Reference
[edit | edit source]- Jane B. Reece et al.(2014), Campbell Biology Tenth Edition, Chapter 47. Animal Development