# Formulas in predicate logic

## 1 place

 Implications between 1-place formulas, on the right the negations (To match the traditional square of opposition the subalterns point downwards here.) All cases with 2 individuals

## 2 places

 3 ordered partitions in Cayley graph Pairs, nodes of the square Sketches in Hasse diagram 6 matrices in Hasse diagram Pairs in Hasse diagram

## 3 places

 13 ordered partitions in Cayley graph Pairs, nodes of the cube Sketches in Hasse diagram 26 matrices in Hasse diagram Pairs in Hasse diagram

## 4 places

Examples:

matrix abbreviation formula
a3 e2 a4 e1 ${\displaystyle \forall y~\exists x~\forall z~\exists w~Pwxyz}$
e1 a3 e24 ${\displaystyle \exists w~\forall y~\exists x~\exists z~Pwxyz}$
a1 e3 a24 ${\displaystyle \forall w~\exists y~\forall x~\forall z~Pwxyz}$
e3 a124 ${\displaystyle \exists y~\forall w~\forall x~\forall z~Pwxyz}$
 75 ordered partitions in Cayley graph 150 matrices in Hasse diagram Pairs, nodes of the tesseract2-element subsets of a 4-element set:

weight 1
Ordered partitions
 1000 0100 0010 0001

## Pairs

Formulas with n-place predicates can be broken down in T(n-1) formulas with 2-place predicates.
These triangles (or vectors) with up to 8 different entries are a convenient way to determine whether one formula implies another one.

The image captions in this section are the abbreviated formulas and the pseudo-octal strings.

Among the following four formulas - visualized in the different ways used here - the left one implies a1 e2 a3, and the two on the right are implied by it.

 a(12)3  =  20-0 a1 e2 a3  =  60-1 e12 a3  =  71-1 a1 e(23)  =  66-5
e2 a14 e3  =  460-71-3
Symbolic representation of pairs and the corresponding pseudo-octal digits
e(12)8 a(35)(46) e7  =  5111177-111177-02064-0264-064-64-7
e(128) a(356)4 e7  =  5111175-111175-02264-0064-264-64-7

## Places and different variables

The number of formulas with n place predicates and n different variables is (n) = 2 * OrderedBell(n).
These formulas form the lattices shown above.

The number of formulas with n place predicates and k different variables is 2 * = 2 * Stirling2(n,k) * OrderedBell(k):

```      k  =  1        2        3        4        5        6        7        8              sum = 2 * A083355(n)
n
1           2                                                                                 2
2           2        6                                                                        8
3           2       18       26                                                              46
4           2       42      156      150                                                    350
5           2       90      650     1500     1082                                          3324
6           2      186     2340     9750    16230     9366                                37874
7           2      378     7826    52500   151480   196686    94586                      503458
8           2      762    25116   255150  1136100  2491356  2648408  1091670            7648564
```

## Preferential arrangements of set partitions

A formula with an n-place predicate is PA of an n-set together with a Boolean value:

E.g. this PA corresponds to this and this formula.