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Finite elements/Bubnov Galerkin method

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(Bubnov)-Galerkin Method for Problem 2

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The Bubnov-Galerkin method is the most widely used weighted average method. This method is the basis of most finite element methods.

The finite-dimensional Galerkin form of the problem statement of our second order ODE is :


Since the basis functions () are known and linearly independent, the approximate solution is completely determined once the constants () are known.

The Galerkin method provides a great way of constructing solutions. But the question is: how do we choose so that these functions are not only linearly independent but arbitrary? Since the solution is expressed as a sum of these functions, the accuracy of our result depends strongly on the choice of .

Let the trial solution take the form,

According to the Bubnov-Galerkin approach, the weighting function also takes a similar form

Plug these values into the weak form to get

or

or

Taking the sums and constants outside the integrals and rearranging, we get

Since the s are arbitrary, the quantity inside the square brackets must be zero. That is

Let us define

Then we get a set of simultaneous linear equations

In matrix form,