EuroLex/E/Turf
< EuroLex
turf
- Original language: English
- Original form and meaning: n. 1a 'a layer of grass etc. with earth and matted roots, as the surface of grassland', 3a 'horse-racing', 3b 'the racecourse for horse racing'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | turf [tyrf] | beg20c | 3a,b, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | turf [tyrf] | mid19c | 3b, status: restricted use: obsolete | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | turf [turf] | end19c | 3a,b, status: restricted use: obsolete | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | turf [tərf] | beg19c, via German | 1a,3b, status: restricted use: rare; 3a, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (obsolete); | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | turf | end19c | 1a, status: restricted use: obsolete; 3b, status: restricted use: technical; | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English | '...' | ... |
| Polish | turf [turf] | mid19c | 3a,b, status: restricted use: obsolete; | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | turf | mid20c | 1a,3a, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
- Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.
- Information on Other Languages: Romanian: turf [turf], end19c, via French, meaning: 3a,b, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical); Russian: torf, via German, meaning: 1a, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English;,