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EuroLex/E/Topmodel

From Wikiversity

topmodel

  • Original language: English (not an English word, but an Anglicism nevertheless)
  • Original form and meaning: n. 'a female model for fashion shows etc.'


(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)


Language Form Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) Current Meaning and Status Earlier Meanings and Statusses Source
Catalan ... ... '...' '...' ...
Croatian ... ... the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English '...' ...
Czech ... ... '...' '...' ...
Danish ... ... '...' '...' ...
Dutch ... ... '...' '...' ...
English ... ... '...' '...' ...
Estonian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Finnish ... ... '...' '...' ...
French topmodel/top-modèle 1990s the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern dito ...
Frisian ... ... '...' '...' ...
German topmodel [= English] 1970s the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical) dito ...
Hungarian topmodel [topmodell] end20c the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (modern) dito ...
Irish ... ... '...' '...' ...
Italian topmodel 1980s the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical, journalese) dito ...
Latvian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Lithuanian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Maltese ... ... '...' '...' ...
Norwegian toppmodell < supermodell 20c the same as in English, see above, status: (nearly) identical to indigenous form in receptor language, form of semantic loan dito ...
Polish topmodelka [top modell] end20c the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (colloquial) dito ...
Portuguese ... ... '...' '...' ...
Rumantsch ... ... '...' '...' ...
Slovak ... ... '...' '...' ...
Slovenian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Spanish top model [top modell] 1990s the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical) dito ...
Swedish ... ... '...' '...' ...
  • Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.
  • Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: toppmódel, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Romanian: topmodel [topmodel], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; Russian: topmodel, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: topmodel, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (modern); Albanian: topmodel, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; Greek: topmodel, 1980s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (modern);,