EuroLex/E/Gardenia
< EuroLex
- Original language: English/Neo-Latin (with Latin ending -ia)
- Original form and meaning: 'a shrub with large white or yellow flowers and a fragrant scent', named after the Scottish naturalist Alexander Garden (died 1791) [source: DEA*/CODEE**]
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | gardenia [pronunciation like spelling suggests] | ? | see above; status: restricted use | dito | DEA* |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | gardenia | mid20c | see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English, use restricted: technical | dito | DEA* |
| English | gardenia | 18c | see above | dito | CODEE**/DEA* |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | gardenia | ? | see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | DEA* |
| French | gardénia [gaRdenja] | end18c | see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English, restricted use: technical | dito | DEA* |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Gardenie [garde:njə] | 19c | see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English, restricted use: technical | dito | DEA* |
| Hungarian | gardénia ['garde:nia] | end19c | see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English, restricted use: technical | dito | DEA* |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | gardenia [gardεnia] | beg19c | see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | DEA* |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | gardenia [gar'de:nia] | 19c | see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | DEA* |
| Polish | gardenia [gardenia] | beg20c | see above; status: restricted use: technical | dito | DEA* |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | gardenia [gar'denia] | 19c | see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | DEA* |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
- Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; **CODEE = Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.
This word has largely lost his "Englishness" due to the neo-Latin ending and the pronunciations according to national conventions.
- Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: gardenía [kartenija], 1940s, via Danish; meaning: see above; status: fully accepted but still marked as English; Romanian: gardenie [pronunciation like spelling suggests], beg20c, via French; meaning: see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: gardeniya [stress on second syllable], beg20c; meaning: see above; status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: gardeniya [stress on second syllable], beg20c, not (or no longer) recognized as English, but restricted to technical use; Greek: ghardhenia [stress on second syllable], date of borrowing: ?; meaning: see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English.,