EuroLex/E/-gate
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- Original language: English after Watergate
- Original form and meaning: scandal, especially financial scandals
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Croatian | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted use | dito | DEA* |
Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Dutch | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese | dito | DEA* |
English | -gate from Watergate (affair) | 1972 | see above; usually political scandal often involving the concealment of wrongdoing <Irangate> [1] | dito | DEA* |
Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
French | -gate | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to technical use and journalese | dito | DEA* |
Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
German | -gate [ge:t] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese and facetious use | dito | DEA* |
Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Italian | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese | dito | DEA* |
Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Norwegian | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: foreignism, used only in British or American contexts | dito | DEA* |
Polish | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to journalese | dito | DEA* |
Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
Spanish | -gate [= Engl. pron.] | 1980s | meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese and facetious use | dito | DEA* |
Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
- Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.
- Information on Other Languages: Romanian: -gate [= Engl. pron.], 1990s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese and facetious use; Russian: -geĭt, 1980s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to journalese; Bulgarian: geĭt, 1980s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to journalese; Greek: [= Engl. pron.]/['geit], 1980s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese