EuroHiT/Language
< EuroHiT
Definition of the Concept: 'Language' is most commonly expressed by words for the tongue as the most important organ of speech. So regularly in Grk., Lat., Romance, NIr., Slavic; and, beside other words, in Gmc. and Baltic, though here the use, as in NE tongue, ist now mostly poetical or archaic. Others are from verbs for 'speak', a few from words for 'lip' or 'voice'. The majority of these words are used both for a specific 'language' and for the more generic 'language, speech' as a faculty and institution (Buck).
Catalan
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Croatian
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | jezik | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | narječje | ... | native word | ... | Buck |
| 3 | reći | ... | native word | ... | Buck |
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[edit | edit source]also narječje,reći
Czech
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | jazyk | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | nářeči | ... | native word | ... | Buck |
| 3 | narok | ... | native word | ... | Buck |
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Danish
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | sprog | ... | general | < MLG sprāhe | Buck |
| 2 | (tunge)maal | ... | more commonly cpds. with old words for 'speech' | ... | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Dutch
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | taal | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | spraak | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 3 | tongval | ... | native word | cpd. of tong 'tongue' and val 'fall' (here with a notion of error, 'slip of the tongue') | Buck |
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English
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | language | since ME langage | general | fr Fr. langage; fr. Lat. lingua | Buck |
| 2 | tounge | since OE tunge; ME tunge | general | ON tunga | Buck |
| 3 | speech | since OE sprœc; ME speche | general | ... | Buck |
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Estonian
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Finnish
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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French
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | langue | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | langage | ... | the generic 'language' | Prov. lenguatge > It. linguaggio, Sp. lenguaje; deriv. of langue 'language', from which ist is now (but not orig.) distinguished as the generic 'language' | Buck |
| 3 | patois | ... | native word | orig. 'coarse, vulgar speech' | Buck |
Explanations of Changes
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Frisian
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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German
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | Sprache | since OHG sprāhha; MHG sprāche | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | Zunge | since OHG zunga; MHG zunge | general | ... | Buck |
| 3 | rede | only NHG | only NHG | ... | Buck |
| 4 | OHG jiht, bijiht | only OHG | only OHG | cf. NHG beichte | Buck |
| 5 | OHG mundart | only NHG | only NHG | whence by semantic borrowing Dan. mundart, Sw. munart; cpd. of mund 'mouth' and art 'manner' | Buck |
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[edit | edit source]Hungarian
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Irish
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | teanga | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | urlabhra | since Ir. urlabra | generic 'language, speech' | ... | Buck |
| 3 | bēarla | since Ir. bēlre | now esp. 'the English language' (i.e. 'the language' par excellence as contrasted with the native) | deriv. of bēl 'lip' | Buck |
| 4 | canamhain | ... | native word | fr. canaim 'sing', also 'recite, pronounce' | Buck |
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Italian
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | lingua | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | linguaggio | ... | the generic 'language' | Prov. lenguatge > It. linguaggio, Sp. lenguaje; deriv. of langue 'language', from which ist is now (but not orig.) distinguished as the generic 'language' | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Ladin
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Latvian
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Lithuanian
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | kalba | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | liežuvis | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Maltese
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Norwegian
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Occitan
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Polish
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | język | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
Explanations of Changes
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Portuguese
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Rumantsch
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Slovak
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Slovenian
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Spanish
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | lengua | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | lenguaje | ... | the generic 'language' | Prov. lenguatge > It. linguaggio, Sp. lenguaje; deriv. of langue 'language', from which ist is now (but not orig.) distinguished as the generic 'language' | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
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Swedish
[edit | edit source]History of Forms
[edit | edit source]| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | språk | ... | general | < MLH sprāhe | Buck |
| 2 | (tungo)mål | ... | more commonly cpds. with old words for 'speech' | ... | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
Explanations of Changes
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Annotations
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Information on Other Languages
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Related Concepts
[edit | edit source](Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)