Comparative Teaching of Old Greek and Latin/Lesson 02 Part 2

Comparative Teaching of Old Greek and Latin Lesson 02 Part 2

Translated from the Greek Wikipedia|Wikiversity: "Συγκριτική διδασκαλία των κλασικών γλωσσών / (Comparative Teaching of the Classical Languages)"

LESSON 02 PART 2. Grammatical and structural analysis of Old Greek and Latin texts.

2.2. Texts. Analyse and translate the texts:

(Each text should be separated in periods, each period in sentences and each sentence should be analysed grammatically and syntacticly and later be translated.)

OLD GREEK

1. Ἁπλοῦς ὁ μῦθος τῆς ἀληθείας ἐστί.

2. Ὁ αἴρων τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου.

3. Οἱ μὲν ἄνδρες γεγόνασι γυναῖκες, αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες ἄνδρες.

4. Πάντα ματαιότης τὰ ἀνθρώπινά ἐστι.

5. Σὺν Ἀθηνᾷ καὶ χεῖρα κίνει!

LATIN

6. In me’dio stat ve’ritas.

7. Mens sana in co’rpore sano est.

8. Poe’tae nascu’ntur, fiunt orato’res.

9. Qui bene amat, bene casti’gat.

10. Salus po’puli supre’ma lex esto.

Vocabulary - comments:

(Substantives will be given and should be learned with their genitive, adjectives and pronouns with the three genders, adverbs with the three degrees and verbs with their initial tenses - in Latin the present, the perfect, the supine and the present infinitive.)

OLD GREEK

ἁπλοῦς: alone, simple, ἁπλοῦς, ἁπλῆ, ἁπλοῦν, ἁπλόος, -οῦς, ἁπλόη, -ῆ, ἁπλόον, -οῦν, adjectival determination.

μῦθος: the speech, fable, ὁ μῦθος, -ου, subject of the verb ἐστί.

τῆς ἀληθείας: of the truth, subjective genitive, τοῦ κόσμου: of the world, possesive genitive.

αἴρων: the one that raises, present participle of the verb αἴρω, initial tenses: αἴρω, ᾖρον, ἀρῶ, ἦρα, ἦρκα, ἤρκειν, of the same root: άρση, άρδην, αρτηρία, αιώρα (swing), έρανος, αορτήρας, άρτος, άρμα, έπαρση, αορτή, αντάρτης, μετέωρος, συνωρίς (a pair of horses), μετάρσιος, μίσθαρνος, structures: αἴρω τι, αἴρομαι πόλεμον, αἴρω τὸν πόλεμον (I cease the war).

τὴν ἁμαρτίαν: the sin, direct object of the participle αἴρων.

γεγόνασιν: they have become, perfect indicative of the verb γίγνομαι, initial tenses: γίγνομαι, ἐγιγνόμην, γενήσομαι, ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, ἐγεγόνειν, of the same root: γένεση, γενιά, γηγενής, γνήσιος, γονέας, πρόγονος, gignor, ge’nitor, circumlocutions: γίγνομαι ἀπὸ δείπνου, ἐγγὺς γίγνομαι, ἐπί τινι γίγνομαι, ἐπί τινος γίγνομαι, (I deal with something), ὑπό τινος γίγνομαι, ἐν ὀργῇ γίγνομαι, ἐμποδὼν γίγνομαι.

Οἱ μὲν ἄνδρες: the men, subject of the verb γεγόνασιν, αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες: the women, subject, γυναῖκες, ἄνδρες: predicative

τὰ ἀνθρώπινά: the human things, subject of the verb ἐστί, Attic structure, πάντα: all, predicative determination.

ματαιότης: vanity, predicative.

χεῖρα: the hand, χείρ, χειρός, χειρί, χεῖρα, χείρ, χεῖρες, χειρῶν, χερσί, χεῖρας, χεῖρες, direct object of the verb κίνει.

κίνει: move, shake, present imperative of the verb κινῶ, initial tenses: κινῶ, ἐκίνουν, κινήσω, ἐκίνησα, κεκίνηκα, ἐκεκινήκειν, of the same root: κίνηση, κίνημα, κινητός, κινητήρ, κούνια, κούνημα, circumlocutions: κινῶ πᾶν χρῆμα (I do everything).

σὺν Ἀθηνᾷ: together with Athena, prepositional determination.

LATIN

in medio: in the middle, in, preposition structured with ablative or accusative, medius, -a, -um, of the same root, me’dium, medi’ocris (mediocre), medio’critas, medio’criter, μέσος, -η, -ον, prepositional determination.

stat: it stands, it is found, 3rd present indicative person of the verb sto, initial tenses: sto, steti, statum, stare, of the same root: stabi’lio, stabi’litas (stability), sta’tio (stop, attitude), statim (immediately), stati’vus (permanent), sta’tua (statue ), statu’men (prop, support), sta’tuo (set up, erect), statu’ra (stature), ἵστα-μαι.

ve’ritas: the truth, ve’ritas, -a’tis, feminine of the 3rd declension, subject of the verb stat.

mens: the mind, mens, mentis, feminine of the 3rd declension, subject of the verb est.

sana: healthy, sanus, -a, -um, of the same root: sane (of course ), sana’tio (therapy), sana’bilis (curable), σανατόριο, adjectival determination.

in co’rpore: in the body, corpus, co’rporis, neuter of the 3rd declension, prepositional determination.

poe’tae: the poets, poe’ta, -ae, masculine of the 1st declension, of the same root: poe’sis, poe’tice, poe’ticus, ποιητής, subject of the verb nascuntur.

nascu'ntur: they are born, initial tenses: nascor, natus sum, nasci.

fiunt: they become, initial tenses: fio, factus sum, fi’eri, I become.

orato’res: speakers, ora’tor, -o’ris, masculine of 3rd declension, subject of the verb fiunt.

qui: whoever , qui, quae, quod, relative pronoun, subject of the verb amat.

bene: well, adverb, bene, me’lius, o’ptime, adverbial determination.

amat: he loves, initial tenses: amo, -a’vi, -a’tum, -a’re, present tense indicative: amo, amas, amat, ama’mus, ama’tis, amant, of the same root: amor, ama’tio, ama’tor (lover), ama’trix (mistress), amato’rie (erotically).

casti’gat: he punishes, initial tenses: casti’go, -a’vi, -a’tum, -a’re.

salus: the salvation, subject of the verb esto.

po’puli: of the population, po’pulus, -i, masculine of the 2nd declension, of the same root: popula’res (democratics), popula’ritas, popula’riter, popula’ris, -is, (popular), ποπολάρος, subjective genitive.

supre’ma: very big, super, supe’rior, supre’mus and summus, adjectival determination.

lex: law, lex, legis, feminine of the 3rd declension, predicative.

esto: let it be, future imperative of the auxiliary verb to be, initial tenses: sum, fui, esse, future indicative: ero, eris, erit, e’rimus, e’ritis, erunt, future imperative: esto, esto, esto’te, sunto.

To continue look at: Lesson 02 Part 3

To see the Introduction look at: Introduction