- Seeking to provide information that isn’t taught in the classroom, but this advice is just that- advice, not empirical findings
- Jobs in Academia-
- Arts and Sciences
- Liberal Arts or Lecturers- a lot more teaching (3-4 classes per semester)
- Teaching- no TAs, almost all undergrad
- Pay- about 65k with no startup
- Low expectation of pubs and no expectation of grants
- Few research resources available
- Supervising a lot of undergraduate research
- Undergrads usually help decide tenure and look for passion about teaching
- Not expected to do a lot over summer
- Expected to serve school more because faculty much smaller
- Masters granting- average between liberal arts school and doctoral granting school
- Doctoral granting (has football teams, sometimes called R01)
- Usually advertised positions- may have a job that’s a good fit every few years, they can’t just expand anytime
- Salary- 90-95k for 9 months, but could also get a grant for summer and bump it up to around 120k
- Often get startup funding, often more with neuroimaging. Average around 300-400k
- Teaching load- from 1 each semester (while doing clinical supervision) to 2 each (can buy out, one figure is around 33k to buy out of a class and the department will have a postdoc teach it)
- Can usually buy out of all but 1 class. Can’t make more money even if you have a 20k grant. Can only add the ~25k for summer, so max will be around 120k
- Will often have TAs to help
- Publication expectations-
- For tenure- around 4 pubs per year (first or last author) and at least apply for and perhaps get a grant
- If you’re class is prepped, you have a lot of time to work on pubs (and often have students working on some)
- Often have to have a grant in or have gotten a good score to even get the job
- Usually have staff in department- helping with facilities, grants, etc.
- Department looking for- impact, separation from mentor (mentor not on your pubs a lot when getting tenure), evidence of emerging research leadership (chair symposium, editor of a journal, etc.)
- Good to show service that demonstrates service emphasis as well as rising notability
- Tenure- as long as you get up and teach, you’ll get paid even if you never submit a pub again
- When you have two big grants, it is hard because you’re doing twice the work but for the same salary, so pressure is really to get 1
- Hard to move from R01 to a medical center unless you have a lot of grant funding
- Hard to get from liberal arts to R01 because your research presence is less
- Academic medical center/research institute
- Usually higher salary for 12 months than doctoral granting (around 130k) NIH caps salary at 150, but you can make more with practice or other types of grants
- Can holdover funds and bank it so that you can pay yourself without any grants
- Bridge funds- ask institution to pay you for a period so that you don’t have to launch into practice full time
- Usually get a grant (collaborate with a faculty member) and then ask to be hired
- If you have funding, it’s pretty easy to get somewhere to give you an office (but may not be tenure tracked)
- Some select grants have clause that say you can’t pay yourself, but most grants greater than ~50k recognize you need it to support you
- Some grants won’t allow indirects to the university
- Teaching- none. May lead a seminar occasionally.
- Clinical practice- expected to do 0-100% of time
- Tenure- as long as you can pay yourself, you get an office
- Hard money- university pays x% of salary because they like you
- Is negotiable, they get faculty lines just like arts and sciences
- Usually a lot of departmental politics
- Soft money- you generate through practice (billing or how much you collect from billing) and grants
- People collaborate and put each other on others’ grants
- No graduate students/undergrads so if you want help with research you need paid staff
- Big emphasis on grants over pubs
- Big emphasis on patient centered, funding opportunities
- So more emphasis on implementation that basic science
- Grant indirect cost- university takes overhead costs for you to run the grant. UNC is .50/1.00. So if NIMH gives 1.50, UNC takes .50. Only about 20% of income comes from tuition, but a lot comes from overhead. Harvard is about .63/1.00
- If two institutions are involved, there is a complicated series of full or adjusted indirect costs
- If you work at UNC but do your work in Holland, you might be charged .14/1.00 since you aren’t using the facilities
- Universities try to avoid allowing adjusted indirect
- Usually when there’s a recession, there’s an exodus of folks from academic medical centers to arts and sciences because grant funding i sparse
- For profit/non profit
- You know how to write grants, manage teams, gather data
- Teaching- none
- Pubs not so important
- Driven more by economy factors and products
- More team based than your individual research
- Often happens on LinkedIn after putting in “grant writing” etc. and also networking
- Clinical practice outside of academic medical center
- A lot of people are allowed 8 hours to do other things so many use one day to do that
- Sometimes to get licensure during a postdoc, you may have to find places to get clinical experience or work it into your contract
- How to decide?
- How do you want to feel valued? What kind of colleagues?
- For instance, teaching. Do you want to teach none, a little, or a lot?
- Mitch had originally wanted to be a teacher, but didn’t want to be consumed with it once he got his degree
- Patient care? Do you want to be working with patients?
- Different job types have different metrics of success- inspiring undergrads, biggest h index, or grant awards, etc.
- Have to consider personal lives, location interests, etc.
- Often true for first job to pick one- location, salary, or job type.
- Before an ad is posted- behind an ad there is a lot you don’t know
- How did the position open?- University deans and provosts look at areas where they want to see growth and department positions to get slots. Developmental, clinical, etc. are also all trying to get someone
- Within department negotiations- folks think that they need this or that
- Within university negotiations
- Job ad vs. “search vision”- search vision is who they would like to have based on expertise, grants, teaching ability for ideal vision
- When doing your job talk, some may think already they don’t want you because you’re not their area
- May choose around 3 to interview, and if you don’t fill it it may be given to another department so there’s a lot of pressure to hire someone from those 3 or so
- Psyc Wiki has lots of jobs
- What does the job ad say-
- August, September, October most are posted to get nailed down by thanksgiving and give two weeks to respond
- Reduced productivity and increased anxiety during application process
- Many clinical jobs say license-eligible- means you went to accredited school and could one day be licensed even if you don’t have hours. Use the ASPBB reference
- Need-
- CV- taking off “research experience” probably of what lab you were in, mostly pub
- Research/teaching statement for your interests (Sometimes separate cover letter, can put it all in cover letter)
- Teaching portfolio? Usually at a liberal arts or masters granting (course evals and syllabi)
- Publications- number, where published
- 3-4 letters of recommendation
- Diversity statement- they can’t ask, but here you can volunteer it. You can say how diversity is important to you. Departments want to bring and value diversity if they can. Do what feels comfortable
- The research statement-
- Not merely an abstraction of your CV talking about your paper. Want to present overarching program of research with a future coming and how that future is broad, innovative, and fundable (so not just retrospective)
- Talk between lines of CV (what you foudn most interesting), what was your role in published work? (talk about work you’re not first/last on), how does it fit together in your head?, where’s it all headed?, what project will you do (grant you will write) in year 1?, what’re you passionate about?
- So, how does it all connect?
- Sketch out first 5 years- show you’ll build a lab and be collecting data
- End with “and I am going to write an R01 on this topic”
- Mitch studied hurricanes 3 years of grad school but was interested in interpersonal relationships so he pulled that out though that wasn’t the focus of the papers
- Have to do work of interest to students and attract students and be able to teach them
- Not too important to tailor each to each institution
- No graduate school “I’m really interested in the work of x” because you’ll be building your own program, but might mention how something like a center might be a good resource for your work
- So, often use the same statement unless there’s unusually prominent resource
- Send out a couple dozen applications- costs nothing to apply because you just upload stuff just not clearly wrong fit. Think if you have any connections to ask about search vision (someone left doing autism so new hire really has to be autism vs. a new faculty line and majority of department thought autism would be good)
- Can also send an email with CV to search person to ask if search vision is broader than ad if may seem like a poor fit
- The teaching statement-
- Teaching philosophy usually developed in retrospect after your teaching experience
- What makes you different from everyone else who teaches the class? What was your style/vibe? Pop culture, discussion, essay exams, etc. Why did you make the choice? Essay more about synthesizing knowledge than rote memorization. Real world examples- see how students apply to real world examples. Then, put it all together to make your philosophy
- So “feel they can be an advocate” “incorporate diversity”
- What’s the main goal for students when you teach?
- How does that goal play out in your syllabus?
- What do you want to teach next?
- R01 will barely read, liberal arts will read over and over and want innovative pedagogical practice
- Think of deal breaker classes they could give you and don’t write you’re willing to teach it, but do show flexibility and openness to what you’d be willing to teach
- What does ad not say? (search vision)
- What is search committee looking for? Pubs and grants
- R01 discussing in great detail where your pubs are as well as your area
- In research statement, “I’m honored to have gotten a paper in this journal which is the flagship journal of x.” Don’t be obnoxious though. I have written about x (Prinstein, 2019, Psych Bull) would be good and minimal
- Which pubs you put in application are not as important as what you write about in research statement (if they want to read something else they just Google it)
- Measuring professional trajectories (figuring out who to interview)
- Messy indicators- publication record, publication outlet, authorship order, grants submitted/funded, letters of recommendation
- Committee trying to decide who will have tenure/where they will be 6 years from now
- If one of the indicators seems messy, mention it. Like if in your area publication is slow, mention something like as is typical in affective neuroscience…
- Looking for fit, which mostly comes in interview
- Lots of folks will get thrown out based on credentials, but there will be a lot of good ones that they’ll dig into and may even start to call recommenders
- If you worked with someone to speak well of you, mention them in cover letter or something if they didn’t write a letter and they might call them
- Often will do a pre-interview where they call and “just have a few questions” so know the university, faculty and why you fit there and talk about your research. Express your excitement and interest
- Search committee chair is rooting for you and wants great people and may even coach you a bit- “make sure to mention this in job talk” “focus on adolescence”- if not volunteered, ask in what way they see the research fitting into department needs, and what area of my research do you find most interesting
- A few weeks before the visit contact department/colleagues
- Ask- how position opened, is there a search vision, what aspect of my work seems like a good fit
- Sometimes will match with a realtor to look at places while visiting (realtor may be connected to a department member)
- Typical visit schedule-
- Breakfast with search committee chair and/or program director
- Ask about why you’re talking to folks you’re confused about
- Talk about job responsibilities
- Job talk
- Meetings with faculty in/out of program
- Graduate students
- Dean
- Potential collaborators
- Real estate agent?
- Search committee dinner
- Exit interview
- All very important and will send emails to search chair even the administrative assistants who coordinate travel
- Know faculty work at least a little not necessarily all their pubs
- Read website well
- Talk to everyone you know who might know anyone there
- Read a recent issue of student school newspaper for vibe on campus
- Show your interest with lots of questions- they know you’re component, but would they be okay with eating lunch with you every day. Smile, sit up, pay attention, and enjoy your potential colleagues
- Meeting with search committee chair- tips for day, ask about department values, recent hires
- Meeting with department chair
- Salary- should know a round number from database or otherwise and ask about that. Say a number that’s educated and willing to live with, but this is not the time for negotiation. Just want to know you have a reasonable request
- Broad startup needs- about the same as other folks like to pay participants and some basic equipment. Different places have different expectations
- Meeting with other faculty
- Best info about what it’s like to work there for resources and IRB helpfulness
- Might ask you weird questions- like would you be interested in school districts in the area because they can’t ask you if you have kids
- Have at least one question for each
- Meeting with students
- Don’t blow it off
- Ask what students want and need
- Ask why students chose the program
- Demonstrate what kind of mentor you will be
- Meeting with deans
- Not in area often
- This is the person to talk about grants with and talk about money and resources for getting grants
- Where does the department stands in university and where it’s going
- Discuss your research in ways that will make it seem like it will get news and funding
- Job talk + negotiation
- A good “job talk” will lead to a shift to trying to sell you on the position
- Being above threshold for meeting qualifications, below is not a good fit
- Trying to see if you “fit” with the department
- Capturing the same ~vibe~ (values, theoretical orientation)
- Don’t just say what they want to hear - be authentic!
- You could be there for a long time and you also want to be happy
- Want to see if you’re a good teacher
- Can you communicate your own research in a compelling way?
- Ask for some audience feedback, use humor, be conversational + engaging
- Good scholar?
- Many departments save for the Q+A
- Some departments have a culture of asking more questions/discussions
- Others don’t have much to say if they like you
- Keep an open mind on their reactions
- Their reactions say more about their own culture than about you
- Try to be enthusiastic about other things going on in the department
- The end of the job talk is just the beginning
- Show that what you’re doing is going to last for a long time
- Basic speaker skills
- Be engaging
- How does your work connect with others in the department?
- Be organized!
- Don’t leave people feeling lost
- Structure slides really well to have a good flow
- Don’t use slides with too much text
- Don’t go crazy with animations…
- Don’t apologize for bad slides!
- Just don’t put it up
- Or use tools to focus their attention
- Make it a fun trip and don’t make them work too hard
- Organization
- Think of it like a movie
- First act - background
- Second act - conflict
- Third act - heroic response
- E.g., treatment plan, cool/surprising finding
- Resolution
- Let the talk build in a way that feels like there’s momentum in an hour-long story
- The novice - single study talk
- Intro, methods, results, discussion, limitations, future directions
- Pretty common but pretty “junior”
- Try including other studies to show a narrative
- Programmatic research
- The train car
- Studies that align one after another
- The pinwheel
- Central thing that you study/theory/framework
- Each study connects to the central thing to expand on the story
- Keep coming back to the central theme to help digest your past/present/future that speaks well to who you want to be
- Model testing
- Bring things together that are part of a bigger picture
- Includes some tangents that were part of that bigger picture
- Details
- Describe studies in various levels of detail
- Does not have to be chronological
- OK to connect with studies you didn’t conduct
- What folks will say when you leave the room...
- Is this their work, or their advisor’s work?
- Communicating independence
- Take ownership
- Does this work seem publishable and where?
- How will this program grow so they get tenure
- Will this work get funded?
- Addressing needs in our fields
- Will students want to work with this person?
- Are they going to shut down outside input?
- What skills will students get when working in this lab?
- The Q+A
- Arguably more important
- Judges how you think on your feet
- How well you’ve thought about your own work
- Manage your reactions
- Staying open-minded
- Show your job talk to lots of other people to prepare yourself and challenge you to break out of your set way of thinking about research
- People will ask really stupid questions
- Grace + diplomacy in responding
- Being kind + open-minded, respectful
- Okay to say “I don’t know”
- How did it go?
- Power shift if it went well
- Could flip to you asking questions if they don’t have any for you
- Search committee may decide who they like and then take it to the department
- Others need dean’s approval
- After the last interview, it could be a day or even 3 weeks to know if you’ve been selected
- Appropriate to ask about timeline especially if you have other things on deck
- Start-up requests + negotiation
- Sometimes will just give you a starting salary and say you’re in
- Other times ask about details for your offer once you’re selected
- Let them know about non-professional needs
- Partner, etc
- Will work with you to get their partner hired nearby
- Create a start-up wishlist
- What do you need to get your program up and running for real if you don’t get external funding from grants (for roughly 3 years)?
- May/not include summer salary, RA salary, grad student stipends, moving expenses, etc
- UNC: get a parking space + basketball tickets lol
- Furniture…
- Get the kind of moving where they pack for you
- Often last chance to get unrestricted funds
- Get advice from junior faculty at the site
- What did you ask for/wish you asked for?
- Ask for a bit more than you think you can get and emphasize your plans to write grants in the future
- Be clear about why you need what you need
- Write a justification + amount spreadsheet
- Emphasize things you need to get your first grant to highlight necessity to the dean
- Frame it as an investment that will come back to them
- Be nice and assertive
- Salaries are raised by percentages
- Your starting point determines the rest of your career
- Take salary over start-up
- Don’t be overly passive! You are worth something and they want you
- Ask for 2 course release if you need one to work on that first grant
- The space you get is what you basically get
- Have them Skype show it to you if you can’t go in person
- Ask for a deferred start-date
- If they got you, it doesn’t really matter if you stay an extra year if you want it
- But don’t mention until after you get the offer
- Ask about tenure clock
- **Get it all in writing**
- Deans, chairs + faculty change and will not honor it if it’s not in writing
- Negotiating
- Often will offer slightly less than the competitor so they don’t start a bidding war
- It’s not because they don’t want you!
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