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Biochemistry

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Lessons

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General Structure of an amino acid

All amino acids have the following general structure:

Image link: https://archive.is/20130707075958/img222.imageshack.us/img222/4723/aminoacidwithgroup.jpg

  • Area in Green is the amino group - NH2
  • Area in Beige is the carboxyl group - COOH

The 'R' is the variable region. Different amino acids have different groups attached in the R region, this is what gives each group of amino acids essentially it own specific function and shape.

Lesson 4: Enzymes

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Essay and Discussion Themes

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  1. w:Digestion and absorption
  2. Kidney
  3. w:Nerve impulse, transmission, w:neuromuscular junction and modulators.
  4. w:The origin of life on Earth
  5. The possible origin of life outside Earth (w:Astrobiology)
  6. Iron, w:Heme
  7. w:Coagulation
  8. Voluntary w:Muscle (item) metabolic peculiarities (item, item, item) and the w:neuromuscular junction
  9. w:Connective tissue (w:collagen, w:elastin, w:reticulin)

...

Topics and Learning Materials

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  • Basics
    1. The International System of Units, item
    2. Nomenclature of organic chemistry,item,
    3. w:Logarithms
    4. w:Nuclides
    5. w:Radioactive decay
    6. w:gas laws, Gases and Gas Laws
    7. w:Partial pressure and w:mole fraction
    8. w:Osmosis
    9. w:Diffusion
    10. pH (needs a little more)
    11. Buffers
  • Biomolecules -- Structures, classification and properties of:
    1. w:Nucleic acids
    2. w:Amino acids
    3. w:Protein
    4. w:Carbohydrate
    5. w:Lipid
    6. Organic Chemistry – Carbon Chemistry and Macromolecules
  • Laboratory and Analytical Methods
    1. Simple (glass) laboratory equipment and how to use it
    2. Laboratory safety
    3. w:Size exclusion chromatography
    4. UV-VIS Spectrometry
    5. IR spectrometry
    6. Centrifugation and w:Ultracentrifugation
    7. w:Electrophoresis
    8. w:Chromatography
    9. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
    10. Gamma counting
    11. Beta counting
    12. w:Enzyme assays
    13. w:PCR
      1. In vivo nucleic acids synthesis
      2. Nucleic acid degradation, pyrimidine and purine catabolism
      3. w:Peptide bond
      4. In vivo protein synthesis
      5. w:Micronutrients and w:Vitamins
      6. w:Enzymes
      7. Regulation of metabolic pathways
      8. Associated: w:Hemoglobin, gas transportation
    • Amino acids
      1. w:Decarboxylation
      2. w:Transamination
      3. General amino acid synthesis
      4. General amino acid catabolism
      5. Special amino acid metabolism
      6. Amino acid interconversion
      7. w:Urea cycle, item
      8. Gamma-glutamyl cycle
      9. Associated: w:Gout,w:Maple syrup disease
    • Carbohydrates
      1. w:Glycolysis
      2. Krebs' cycle
      3. w:Pyruvate decarboxylation
      4. The ATP cycle
      5. w:Oxidative phosphorilation
      6. w:C4 carbon fixation
      7. w:Photosynthesis
      8. w:Calvin Cycle
      9. Dickens-Horecker cycle
      10. Hexose interconversions
      11. w:Neoglucogenesis
      12. w:Glycogenesis
      13. w:Glycogenolysis
      14. w:Cori cycle
      15. Carbohydrate regulation mechanism: w:glucagon and w:insulin
      16. Associated: ...
    • Lipids
      1. w:fatty acids
      2. Essential fatty acids, item, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (w:PUFA); w:eicosanoids: w:prostaglandins, w:thromboxanes, w:prostacyclin and w:leukotrienes.
      3. The w:lipid bilayer, item, and transport across it
      4. w:Lipid peroxidation
      5. Acylglycerols
      6. Triacylglycerols
      7. Sn system
      8. w:Carnitine and membrane transport of fatty acids
      9. w:Fatty acid oxidations
      10. w:Beta oxidation
      11. w:Ketogenesis
      12. Lipid synthesis (w:lipogenesis)
      13. w:Arachidonic acid cascade and the eicosanoids (above)
      14. Associated: ...
      15. w:Lipoproteins and cholesterol
      16. The serum lipoprotein transport system
      17. w:Cholesterol metabolism, regulation and transport
      18. Lipoprotein metabolism
      19. w:Chylomicra and w:VLDL
      20. w:LDL and w:HDL
      21. Regulation of lipoprotein metabolism

Books

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By alphabetical order of the first author's surname.

General Biochemistry

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  • Garrett, R, Grisham, C. "Biochemistry". Sanders College Publishing. Fort Worth, TX. 1999. ISBN 0-03-022318-0. Online at http://www.web.virginia.edu/Heidi/home.htm
  • Osgood M, Ocorr K. "The Absolute, Ultimate Guide to Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Study Guide and Solution Manual". Worth Publishers. New York. 2000. ISBN 9781572591677.
  • Online Biology Book [7] or [8]

Other resources

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UH tutorial [9]

Interactives [10]